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Respiratory System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders. COPD. Chronic Obstructive pulmonary diseases Exemplified by chronic bronchitis and emphysema Usually effects smokers Person develops severe problems breathing Frequent cough and infections are some signs

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Respiratory System Disorders

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  1. Respiratory System Disorders

  2. COPD • Chronic Obstructive pulmonary diseases • Exemplified by chronic bronchitis and emphysema • Usually effects smokers • Person develops severe problems breathing • Frequent cough and infections are some signs • Most suffer from acidosis and are very fatigued due to lack of oxygen

  3. Chronic Bronchitis • Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus • Leads to a persistent cough • Caused by smoking • The damage to the respiratory system lining leads to an inflammatory response from the immune system • Mucus glands in the lining swell up and produce more mucus • Persons who are affected have shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, cyanosis, and pulmonary hypertension

  4. Lung Cancer • Leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. (160,000 annually) #1 for new cases in both men and women. • Major problem is that when diagnosed in individuals, it is usually too late to treat effectively • Most persons afflicted die within 1 year of diagnosis, but there is a 10-15% survival rate • Smoking is a leading cause, as is second hand smoke exposure • Usually occurs in the bronchial tree and the deeper into in the lungs it goes, the worse it is. • Symptoms include; cough, spitting blood, wheezing, weight loss, shortness of breath, and chest pains.

  5. Emphysema • Alveolar walls are destroyed and burst • This reduces the surface area that is possible for gas exchange • Leads to a decrease of oxygen in the blood • Also traps air in the lungs due to an increase in dead space • Persons develop a condition called “barrel chest” • Caused by smoking, pollution, dust, or exposure to allergens.

  6. Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic disorder of the epithelial tissue in the respiratory tract and the digestive system • Most common in Caucasians • Liver, pancreas, lungs, small intestines, and sweat glands are all affected • Excessive Na in sweat due to lack of Chlorine carriers in the blood • Mucus produced by these individuals is usually very thick and it clogs up pores, membranes, and all absorptive surfaces • Connective tissue slowly replaces elastic fibers due to scarring from the overproduction of mucus • Over time it destroys lung tissue strains the heart, and reduces the effectiveness of epithelial tissues

  7. Cystic Fibrosis • 30,000 Cases in the US • In addition to lung issues, it also blocks the pancreas from releasing digestive enzymes • 75% of cases are diagnosed by 2 • Most people live into their 40’s and beyond with it • Treatments include airway cleanses, antibiotics, inhaled medicines, and oral pancreatic enzymes

  8. Asthma • Characterized by chronic airway inflammation • Is reversible either spontaneously or with treatment • The obstruction is due to smooth muscle spasms within the walls of the small bronchi and bronchioles as well as increased mucus secretion by the walls of these airways • Triggers for attacks could be allergens, emotional states, aspirin, and exercise • Symptoms include: difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, tachycardia, fatigue, and anxiety • An Inhaler with albuterol is given to open up the airway

  9. Pneumonia • Acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli • Most common infectious disease in the U.S. • Caused by the pneumococcal bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae • Elderly, infants, and anybody with a compromised immune system are susceptible, along with cigarette smokers, and COPD sufferers • The bacteria release toxins that can lead to damaged alveoli and mucus membranes • Treatments involve the use of antibiotics

  10. SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) • Infants stop breathing in their sleep • No known definite cause, but some risk factors are: • 1. Premature births • 2. Higher rates in males • 3. Babies with respiratory infections • 4. Families with a history of it

  11. SIDS • Common environmental causes are: • 1. Stomach sleeping • 2. Sleeping on soft surfaces or with blankets and pillows • 3. Sleeping with parents (Co – sleeping) • No warning signs are obvious to parents when it may occur • Respiratory center of the brain is where the issue lies in unexplained deaths

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