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Pests of Stored Food Grains

Pests of Stored Food Grains. Sitophylus oryzae (Rice weevil) Tribolium castaneum (Red flour beetle). Sitophylus oryzae (Rice weevil). Small and stout Reddish-brown to black in colour Yellow or reddish spots on the corners of elytra (hard wing) 2-3 mm in length

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Pests of Stored Food Grains

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  1. Pests of Stored Food Grains • Sitophylus oryzae (Rice weevil) • Tribolium castaneum (Red flour beetle)

  2. Sitophylus oryzae(Rice weevil) • Small and stout • Reddish-brown to black in colour • Yellow or reddish spots on the corners of elytra (hard wing) • 2-3 mm in length • Snout is 1 mm long, conspicuous and curved • Head with snout is elongated. • Prothorax is strongly pitted • Elytra have rows of pits within longitudinal grooves • Female lays an average of four eggs per day • Eggs hatch in about 3 days. • Larva feeds inside the grain kernel for 18 days • Pupal life lasts for about 6 days • Adult emerged will remain in seed for 3 -4 days till it matures

  3. Nature & Mode of Destruction • Both the adult & larva feed on whole grains • Larval rice weevil completes its development inside a seed kernel. • The adult female makes a cavity & deposits a single egg in the cavity. • Cavity is then sealed with secretions from ovipositor. • Larva develops within the seed and hollows it out while feeding. • Larva pupates within the hollow husk of grain kernel.

  4. Control measures • Fumigation of godowns ensures elimination of pests • Maintaining godowns moisture-free • Food products may be stored in pest-proof containers (plastic, glass or metal) • All stages of pest are killed by heat (120oF for 1 hr) or cold (0oC for a week)

  5. Tribolium castaneum(Red flour beetle) • Flat and reddish-brown body. • 3-4 mm in length • Eyes are crescent-shaped • Last segments at the tip of antennae are abruptly larger than the preceding ones and form a three segmented club • Thorax has curved sides • Infests a wide variety of food grains. • Flour is its preferred food. • It has been found in rice, beans, peas, dried fruits, powdered milk products, spices, etc • Average life is for about one year • Female lays an average of about 450 eggs • Egg is small and white which is covered with a sticky secretion to which fine materials adhere to. • Egg hatches in brownish white larva in 5 to 12 days. • Larva becomes fully grown in one to four months • Mature larva is yellow coloured. • Larva feeds on fine material and broken kernels • Larva changes to small pupa which is white at first and then changes to yellow and then to brown. • Pupa emerges into adult. • Total period from egg to adult averages about six weeks under favourable conditions.

  6. Nature & Mode of Destruction • Larva feeds on stored food grains, broken kernels, flour, dry fruits, nuts, etc. • Adult cannot feed on whole damaged grains; dead beetles, cast skins, feacal pellets and fluids produce pungent smell in grain. • 3 factors – presence of grain, moisture build up and moulds reduce the quality and value of grain.

  7. Control measures • Manual control • Cleaning the infested places to destroy pests • Destruction of infested food products • Chemical control • Painting or spraying wood work with methoxychlor or dusting with malathion • Fumigation of the granary with ethylene dichloride or methyl bromide.

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