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Juvenile Justice in America

This research examines the increasing rate of male delinquency and the unique traits and gender differences in juvenile justice. It reviews the long tradition of studying gender and delinquency, including the works of Lombroso, Pollak, and Freud, and explores the impact of biological, psychological, and social factors on delinquent behavior. The study also analyzes crime statistics to understand the gender disparities in specific offenses.

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Juvenile Justice in America

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  1. Juvenile Justice in America SOC 106 Part 6: Gender and Delinquency

  2. Increasing rate - male delinquency a. Research factors - long tradition - gender differences -unique traits (1) Up to 1960s - aberration - crime rate low - not delinquents

  3. (2) Behavior deviated / acceptable - evil - physically maladapted (3) Cesare Lombroso – 1895 - “The Female Offender” (a) Evolutionary scale - lower than men (b) Child-like - less intelligent

  4. (4) Committing crimes - distinguished from “normal” - physical characteristics (a) Excessive body hair - wrinkles - abnormal cranium (b) Appearance - closer to males (5) Lombroso belief:

  5. - female “born criminal” - rare creature b. Otto Pollak – 1950 - “The Criminality of Women” (1) Impact: biological conditions - menstruation / pregnancy / menopause (2) Delinquency - unrecorded - instigator vs. perpetrator

  6. (3) Sexual charm - instigate (a) Justice system - beguile males (b) Deferential treatment c. Sigmund Freud – early 1900s - psychological theory - inferior to boys - make up for defect (penis envy)

  7. (1) Compensate - more aggressive (a) Today - physical traits - emotional traits (b) Interaction - biological / psychological - environment (2)Highlights

  8. (a) More freedom - express anger - family setting (b) Males more likely - report physical aggression - behavior / intentions / dreams (c) More likely: feel anxious / guilty - behaving aggressively - feelings: - inhibit aggression

  9. (d) Behave as aggressive - means - behavior justified (e) More likely to empathize - put in victim’s place (f) Sex differences in aggression - decrease - anonymity - prevent empathizing - victim

  10. Socialization / delinquency - subdued manner a. Supervised - socially disapproved - notice / told (1) More tolerant - deviant behavior in boys - act tough / take risks (2) Social theorists

  11. - troubled home - lack supervision - more prone (a) Liberal feminist - less delinquent - social roles - fewer opportunities - roles more similar - crime patterns also (b) Radical feminist

  12. - Marxist - gender inequality - unequal power - subsequent exploitation - originates with: - male supremacy - control female’s sexuality (3) Highlights (a) Variety of views - gender differences / crime

  13. (b) Naturally less aggressive - biological aberration (c) Hormonal differences - males more aggressive (d) Evolution - secure mates - protect weaker sex (e) Certain circumstances - more aggressive

  14. (f) Socialization - less violent (g) Destructive home life - rebelling - abusive parents (h) Liberal feminist - did not have opportunities - changing life circumstances (i) Radical feminist

  15. Juveniles Arrested Crime Arrests Male Female Murder - 14,612 6,752 456 44 Rape – 83,425 12,069 1,694 41 Rob – 354,396 67,791 13,022 1,338 Assault – 751,131 258,765 19,214 6,131 Burg – 2,188,005 193,993 35,181 5,072 Theft – 6,159,795 840,187 96,253 75,750 M/V – 715,373 40,876 6,951 1,350 Arson – 52,333 7,385 2,770 440

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