The United States Aids Its Allies

1. The United States Aids Its Allies • American Policy • Most Americans want to avoid war • Roosevelt fears that if allies fall, U.S. would have to fight • He hopes to strengthen allies so they can resist Germany • Lend-Lease Act — U.S. loans weapons to countries fighting Germany • Roosevelt and Churchill meet, issue statement of principles • Atlantic Charter — supports free trade, right to form own government

2. US Lend-Lease Act 1941 Great Britain ……………………………… $31 Billion Soviet Union ……………………………… $11 Billion France ………………………………………. $3 Billion China ……………………………………….. $1.5 Billion Other European ………………………… $500 Million South American ………………………… $400 Million The amount totaled: 48,601,365,000

4. Imperial Japanese expansion up to 1941 (in brown)

5. Pearl Harbor – December 7th, 1941 • Japan was working on expanding empire throughout the Pacific • The U.S. had a trade embargoon Japan to try and deter Japan from invading countries • U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan’s codes • Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor - sent the message on a slower telegram (by accident) to warn U.S. Navy about attack

6. 2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor Impact/Damage on U.S. • 2,400 U.S. military and civilians died • 1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded • 18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged • Japan viewed as a stunning victory • December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war on Japan and December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

9. Japanese Internment The United States feared that the Japanese Americans would help Japan attack the U.S. again On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt Executive Order 9066 – Japanese Americans be put in relocation camps. Even though most Japanese American were loyal to the United States and some even serving in the armed forces, their families were forced to relocate to those camps and leave everything behind. This was to keep them from spying on US forces

11. Normandy Invasion (D-Day) • June 6, 1944 • During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy • Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Pattoninfluential in leading attack • 3 million ally troops to attack

15. Normandy Invasion cont. D – Day • 60 milestretch of beach • 156,000 troops • 4,000 landing craft • 600warships • 11,000 planes • Largest air-land-sea operation in history • Omaha Beachknown as one of the most brutal areas

16. U.S. casualties 6,000. This number combines dead and wounded in the D-Day battles. German between 4,000 – 9,000casualties on D-Day By the end of the of the entire Normandy Campaign, 425,000Allied and German troops were killed, wounded, or missing. Within 1 month, a million more troops September 1944, France was freed from Nazi control

18. Battle of the Bulge • December 16, 1944 • German tanks broke through80 mile front) • Fought in Belgium - Germany was trying to capture Antwerp • Very brutal war- one of the most extensive of U.S. military

20. Battle of the Bulge Cont. • Germans were winning in the beginning • 120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes– leading to defeat) • 80,000 Americans died  Americans won, but were close to losing

21. Attack on Dresden • The Bombing of Dresden was an attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony. • Raids between 13 and 15 February 1945, 722 heavy bombersof the British Air Forceand 527 of the USAir Forcedropped more than 3,900 tons of high explosive bomgs • The resulting firestorms destroyed 15 square miles of the city centre. Between 22,000–25,000 people were killed

23. Yalta Conference • Took place February 1945 before WWII was over • Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss post WWII • Set up United Nations

24. Yalta – “The Big 3”

25. April 12, 1945 • At the beginning of his 4th Term, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passes away • The U.S. went through a major grieving period • Harry S. Truman, as Vice-President, takes the role as President

27. The end of Hitler • April 30, 1945 Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide (gun shot and cyanide) • Bodies burned in street • Cover of Time magazine May 7, 1945

28. V-E Day (Victory in Europe • May 8, 1945 • General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third Reich • 1st part of War was over

30. Potsdam • July – August 1945 • Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany • Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime

31. Potsdam Continued • Divided Germany into 4 sections(occupied by France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union) • Berlin to be divided up in East (or Soviet Germany) • Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi leaders • Japan must “unconditionally surrender”

34. Potsdam, Germany

36. Nuremberg Trials • International tribunal court tried Nazi officials • Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany • 12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death • 200 other officials were found guilty, but give lesser sentences

37. Battle of the Coral Sea • Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every battle and taking over the Pacific • May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan from invading • Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were able to stop Japan invasion for the first time • U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique to weaken Japan’s forces

41. Battle of Midway • June 1942 • Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese code • U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific island called Midway • U.S. was successful in the Battle of Midway

42. Battle of Midway • The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at least 4,800 men, and suffered heavy damage among the remaining vessels of their fleet. • American losses included 1 carrier, the Yorktown, a destroyer, about 150 planes, and 307 men

45. Iwo Jima • Island in the Pacific that was critical for U.S. win • March 1945 • 27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima • U.S. won • 26,800 Japanese troops died • 6,000 U.S. Marines died

48. Battle of Okinawa • June 22, 1945 • Japan’s last defensive stronghold • Japan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacks • 110,000 Japanese troops died • 7,600 - 12,500 U.S U.S. troops died • U.S. won

50. Manhattan Project • 200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Hiroshima • August 6, 1945 • “Little Boy” • In 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dust • Nagasaki • August 9, 1945 • “Fat Man” • Leveled half of the city