INSTRUCTIONS:

1. REVIEW FOR THE U.S. HISTORY PROGRESSIVES & SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR TEST INSTRUCTIONS: Go through the slides and answer each question in the packet; the slide numbers are listed for each question

2. “Muckrakers” were journalists who wrote about and exposed problems such as poverty, corruption, and monopolies Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, and Ida Tarbell are examples of muckrakers

3. The main reason the United States annexed Hawaii was to take advantage of its natural resources; namely, the pineapple trade

4. FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS GOAL #1: Protecting social welfare to relieve urban problems; this was done by organizations such as the YMCA and Salvation Army

5. FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS GOAL #2: Promoting moral reform by improving personal behavior (the “Anti-Saloon League” pushed for the 18th Amendment, which prohibited alcohol

6. FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS GOAL #3: Creating economic reforms (like stopping monopolies) and eliminating political corruption; for example, Eugene Debs started the American Socialist Party in an attempt at economic reform

7. FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS GOAL #4: Fostering efficiency in American society and the economy, such as the scientific management of Henry Ford’s assembly line

8. When the Spanish-American War was over, the United States gained the following territories from Spain: the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam The U.S. also freed Cuba from Spain, but did not add Cuba to its territory; Cuba became independent

9. During the Spanish-American War, future Progressive President Teddy Roosevelt was the leader of the “Rough Riders”

10. “Yellow journalism” is when newspapers began using sensationalized and exaggerated headlines to sell more copies; Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst are two examples of newspaper owners who focused on sin and scandal to sell more newspapers

11. Carrie Nation was the leader of the Prohibition (or Temperance) Movement, which opposed alcohol; she was often seen carrying an axe and a Bible

12. PROGRESSIVE AMENDMENTS • 16thAmendment created the 1st income tax in U.S. history • 17th Amendment allowed for the direct-election of U.S. Senators • 18th Amendment outlawed alcohol (prohibition) • 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote (suffrage) “Progressive Amendments”

13. What did Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle(1906) expose? Upton Sinclair’s book The Junglerevealed the unsanitary conditions of slaughterhouses and led to government regulation of food industries, such as the Meat Inspection Act

14. The decision in the Supreme Court case Plessyv Ferguson of 1896 stated that segregation does not violate the 14thAmendment and can be used as long as separate facilities are equal (“separate but equal”)

15. Booker T. Washington was a Black leader who was a Harvard graduate and President of the Tuskegee Institute (a college) Booker T. Washington believed that education was the key to African-Americans becoming social equals to Whites

16. W.E.B. DuBois was also a Black leader for civil rights and reform DuBois differed from Booker T. Washington in that DuBois felt that aggressive action would be necessary to gain civil rights for African-Americans

17. The organization that came out of the Niagara Movement was the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

18. U.S. Imperialism: PANAMA Roosevelt gained control of the land the U.S. needed to build the Panama Canal by encouraging and supporting the Panamanians to break away from Colombia

19. An initiative is a bill (a proposed law) that originates from the people rather than from the legislators (lawmakers)

20. The sport of baseball became known as “America’s pastime”

21. Women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton did much to fight for women’s suffrage, which is the right to vote Anthony and Stanton founded the National Women Suffrage Association

22. 19th Amendment: The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied by the United States or by any state on account of gender

23. In 1898, the U.S. sent the USS Maine to Cuba to protect American interests there; after the ship mysteriously exploded, Americans declared war on Spain; this was the event that began the Spanish-American War

24. What did Ida Tarbell’s The History of Standard Oil (1904) expose? Ida Tarbell’s book The History of Standard Oil (1904) revealed John D. Rockefeller’s ruthless business practices and called for the break-up of large monopolies

25. Jane Addams established the Hull House in Chicago, which offered baths, cheap food, child care, health care, and job training to poor citizens of the slums

26. What did Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives (1890) expose? Jacob Riis’ book How the Other Half Lives (1890) exposed urban poverty and life in the slums

27. In war, a “theater” is the geographical area where fighting takes place; in the Spanish-American War, the two theaters were Cuba and the Philippines

28. Roosevelt saw the benefit of efficient monopolies, but wanted to destroy the trusts that were harmful to the public interest

29. Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for negotiating an end to the war between Russia and Japan

30. During the presidency of Taft, U.S. policy in Latin America was primarily driven by concern for American economic and strategic concerns in the region

31. This political cartoon announces the arrival of Teddy Roosevelt’s Progressive Party in the election of 1912; it was also known as the “Bull Moose Party” “I’m feeling as fit as a bull moose!”

32. Taft failed to unify the Republican Party and Roosevelt ran against him as a member of his own Progressive Party Taft and Roosevelt split up the Republican vote, which paved the way for Democrat Woodrow Wilson to easily win the 1912 election

33. Roosevelt’s foreign policy could be summed up by the old proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”, which meant that his negotiations were always backed up by the threat of military force

34. The Spanish-American War was referred to as a “splendid little war” because it was brief, did not cost many American lives, and propelled the U.S. into the position of being a major world power

35. President Woodrow Wilson established the Federal Reserve System, which is responsible for controlling the money supply in the U.S. as well as interest rates

36. This map shows women’s suffrage in 1919; frontier life in the Western states tended to promote the acceptance of greater political equality for women

37. This political cartoon illustrates the “Roosevelt Corollary”, which was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine; the Monroe Doctrine told Europeans to stay out of Latin America, but the Roosevelt Corollary stated that the U.S. military would intervene in any dispute involving any Latin American country

38. Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence

39. The “Spoils System” (in which loyal supporters of winning candidates are awarded with jobs) was introduced to American government by President Andrew Jackson

40. Pennsylvania and Maryland were American colonies that were founded for the purpose of escaping religious persecution in Europe

41. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 served to restrict freedom of speech and freedom of the press; President John Adams passed the act to halt unrest sweeping through the new U.S. nation

42. Benjamin Franklin made a major contribution to the success of the American Revolution by serving as a diplomat to France Franklin secured an alliance with France; the French would help the Americans in the war with England

43. “I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the reaction now existing in the slave holding states between the two is, instead of an evil, a good – a positive good.” John C. Calhoun stated that slavery was a “positive good”

44. IF YOU HAVE CORRECTLY ANSWERED ALL OF THE QUESTIONS ON YOUR REVIEW PACKET, YOU WILL BE READY FOR THE TEST! BULLY!

45.  Review created by Christopher Jaskowiak Assisted by Eric Duncan, Scott Wilbanks, and Christopher Moore