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CSc 4841/6841 Computer Animation Lecture 2

CSc 4841/6841 Computer Animation Lecture 2. Overview of 3D Computer Graphics. Outline. A brief history of 3D computer graphics Computer graphics applications Major topics in 3D computer graphics. What is Computer Graphics?.

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CSc 4841/6841 Computer Animation Lecture 2

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  1. CSc 4841/6841Computer AnimationLecture 2 Overview of 3D Computer Graphics

  2. Outline • A brief history of 3D computer graphics • Computer graphics applications • Major topics in 3D computer graphics

  3. What is Computer Graphics? • The word “Computer Graphics” means different things to different people. • We will focus on 3D interactive computer graphics: • How to create and store geometry objects (Modeling) • How to manipulate geometry objects (Animation) • How to generate and display images of geometry objects (Rendering) • User interaction Images courtesy Discreet Lord of the Rings

  4. Major Topics in Computer Graphics • Modeling • How to create and store geometry objects • Animation • How to manipulate geometry objects • Rendering • How to generate and display images of geometry objects

  5. General Goals of CG • Modeling & rendering: create photo-realistic images • Is it real or is it CG? • Animation: create visually realistic simulation • Towards true real-time performance • 60 frames per second • Flexible user interaction • Use CG techniques to advance other research fields • Scientific visualization and engineering simulation

  6. Computer Graphics: A Brief History • 1960s: • William Fetter of Boeing coins the term “Computer Graphics” (1960) • Basic computer graphics algorithms/concepts are introduced: hidden line detection, homogeneous coordinates, line drawing, back-face culling, parametric curves & surfaces, etc. • Spacewars, first video game, is developed at MIT (1961) • SketchPad: first interactive computer graphics software (1962) • Bell Labs builds first frame buffer (3 bits) • First use of CGI for commercials – MAGI for IBM (1969) Spacewars Image courtesy MIT Media Lab

  7. Computer Graphics: A Brief History • 1970s • Many fundamental computer graphics algorithms/technologies are introduced: visible surface detection, Gouraud shading, Phone shading, Z-buffer, curved surface rendering, texture mapping, reflectance and environment mapping, anti-aliasing, curved shadow, bump mapping, ray tracing, keyframe based animation, etc. • First SIGGRAPH conference (1973) • Microsoft is founded (1974); Special effects powerhouse, Industrial Light & Magic, is founded (1975) • The first flight simulator for Apple II is released (1978) (later purchased by Microsoft) First flight simulator Image courtesy simflight.com

  8. Computer Graphics: A Brief History • 1980s: • Many major companies in the graphics field are founded: Silicon Graphics Inc., ATI, SUN, Pixar, Adobe, AutoDesk, Alias, Softimage, Side Effects, etc. • More graphics algorithms are introduced: radiosity, motion capture, motion blur, morphing, etc. • The birth of RenderMan (1988) • Wavefront – the first commercially available 3D software package (1984) • AutoCAD 1.0 (1982) • Tron (1982): 1st film to make extensive use of computer graphics Tron

  9. Computer Graphics: A Brief History • 1990s • The release of major 3D graphics libraries: OpenGL, DirectX, Java3D • The release of major 3D modeling & animation packages: 3D Studio, 3D Studio Max, Maya, etc. • The rise and fall of SGI • NVIDIA releases first Graphics Processing Unit (1999) • Increasing use of 3D special effects in feature films: Terminator 2, Titanic, etc. • First 3D computer animated feature film: Toy Story by Pixar • The release of Doom and Quake Titanic

  10. Computer Graphics: A Brief History • 2000 – present • Powerful Graphics Processing Units on PC graphics card: NVIDIA Geforce, ATI Radeon • High level shading languages: Cg, HLSL, GLSL, etc. • New generation game console: Xbox/360, Playstation 2/3, Nintendo Wii, etc. • Widespread use of CGI special effects in feature films: War of the Worlds, Lord of the Rings, Spiderman, Matrix, Finding Nemo, Shrek, The Cars, Wall-E, etc.

  11. Major applications • Entertainment • Training and simulation • Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE), and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) • Medical applications • Scientific visualization • CG art

  12. Medical Visualization • Human body modeling • 3D medical image visualization • Volume rendering • Virtual surgery simulation • Computer Assisted surgery • Virtual Reality for patient care • E.g. Immersive Virtual Reality for pain control Modeling human head Images courtesy Stanford University Volume Rendering Images courtesy GE

  13. Scientific Visualization • Visualizing and analyzing engineering & scientific data • Bioinformatic visualization • Molecular Modeling • Fluid Dynamics simulation and analysis • 3D structure electromagnetic field simulator • E.g. visualization for Data Mining • Collaborative visualization • CAVE: immersive virtual environment 2003 Hurricane Season Forecast Images courtesy NASA Collaborative Visualization Images courtesy SGI

  14. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • Computer assisted engineering analysis Finite Element Analysis Images courtesy SGI

  15. Computer Aided Design (CAD) & Manufacture(CAM) • Widespread use of CAD and CAM in manufacture industry • E.g. Automobile design and manufacture • Geometric Modeling • Product design and analysis Computer Aided Manufacturing Images courtesy SGI Computer Aided Design Images courtesy SGI

  16. Visual Simulation • Simulate real world experience using graphics software and hardware • Used for civil or military training, mission planning, etc. • E.g. flight, ground, space, maritime simulation Flight Simulation Images courtesy Link Simulation & Training Marine Simulation Images courtesy SGI

  17. Architectural Visualization & Simulation • Urban simulation for city planning • Real estate preview Urban Simulation Images courtesy MultiGen-Paradigm Real Estate Preview Images courtesy SGI

  18. Art • Computer Graphics Art • Art preservation • Digital Michelangelo Project Computer Graphics Art Images courtesy Dan Raabe, Toolbox Films Michelangelo’s David Images courtesy Stanford University

  19. 3D computer graphics industry • 3D Graphics related industry is huge and growing • By 2010, U.S. sales of video games are expected to grow to $15 billion. • Video gaming is expected to generate more than 250,000 jobs by 2009 • The average age of gamers was 33 years, and 25% of players were older than 50. • In general, the video game industry is one of the few bright spots in the current economic recession.

  20. Hardware and software • Graphics hardware is advancing rapidly • Creating CG content no longer requires expensive hardware • Most of the development is done on PC now • CG software packages (Maya, 3DS Max, DirectX, OpenGL) has matured • Open source tools like Blender have also matured

  21. Hardware Advances

  22. Web sites for CG information • Major companies’ web sites (nVidia, AMD, Autodesk, Discreet, etc.) • www.siggraph.org • News: • www.extremetech.com • www.cgw.com • www.gdmag.com • www.gamasutra.com

  23. How to search and find papers? • http://www.siggraph.org/publications/bibliography/ • The most comprehensive database of CG publications • Most of the recent journal papers are online • Find them through GSU library web page: E-journal Locator www.library.gsu.edu/ejournals/ • SIGGRAPH papers since 1974 are also online • Go to http://www.library.gsu.edu/ejournals/ and search for “computer graphics” and then click on “computer graphics proceedings …” • Search by paper title on Google. • Find one of the authors’ homepage. They often have links to their papers.

  24. Notable companies • Hardware • NVIDIA (GeForce card, Cg) • ATI (Radeon card), acquired by AMD • Intel (integrated graphics chipset) • Software • Microsoft (DirectX, games) • AutoDesk (3D Studio Max, AutoCAD, Maya) • SoftImage (SoftImage)

  25. Notable companies • Animation film studio • Pixar, DreamWorks, etc. • Visual special effects • Industrial Light & Magic, Rhythm and Hues, etc. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_effects#Notable_visual_effects_companies

  26. Notable companies • Game • Electronic Arts • Sony • Microsoft • Other • Adobe • Apple • For a more comprehensive list, visit SIGGRAPH 2008 exhibitor directory at http://www.siggraph.org/s2008/attendees/exhibition/

  27. How to develop 3D graphics applications • Write programs • Use modeling and animation tools • Combine both programming and modeling/animation tools

  28. 3D Graphics Programming APIs • OpenGL • Microsoft DirectX

  29. Shading languages and tools • Shading language • OpenGL Shading Language • High Level Shading Language in DirectX • Cg • Shading language development tools • RenderMonkey • CgFX viewer

  30. Modeling and animation tools • Maya, 3DS Max, and Softimage • All three are now owned by Autodesk • Blender • The leading open source tool • For a list of major packages, check out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics_software

  31. Blender • Blender (www.blender.org) • A free 3D modeling, animation, and rendering tool

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