Computer Literacy 2011-2012

1. សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភ្នំពេញអន្តរជាតិសាកលវិទ្យាល័យភ្នំពេញអន្តរជាតិ Phnom Penh International University Computer Literacy 2011-2012 Quality Excellence Innovation

2. Chapter 5The Processor Unit

3. Objectives • After this chapter, students would be able to understand: • What is Processor Unit • History of Processor • How does CPU work with other Devices • Kind of CPU

4. What is Processor? • The Processor can be called Central Processing Unit (CPU). • CPU interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. • The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer. • There are 2 typical components of a CPU: • The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations • The Control Unit (CU) is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer, which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.

5. The CPU Speed • Inside a processor has 2 main functions: • The registers, that temporarily hold data and instructions • The system clock controls the timing of all computer operations • The pace of the system clock is called the clock speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz). The higher clock speed, the faster of processing data. • CPU registers are: • Very fast (access times of a few nanoseconds) • Low capacity (usually less than 200 bytes) • Very limited expansion capabilities • Expensive (more than one dollar/byte)

6. How CPU Work? • Parallel processing uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task • Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of processors

7. How CPU Work with Other Devices? • For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle

8. How CPU Work with Other Devices? (cont.)

9. How CPU Work with Other Devices? (cont.) • Most current personal computers support pipelining. Each time the CPU executes an instruction, it takes a series of steps. • The complete series of steps is called a machine cycle. A machine cycle can be divided into two smaller cycles.

10. How CPU Work with Other Devices? (cont.) • These are instruction cycle and execution cycle: • Instruction cycle: In instruction cycle CPU takes 2 steps: • Fetching: Before the CPU can execute an instruction, the control unit must retrieve or fetch a command or data from the computer's memory and the Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction. • Decoding: Before a command can be executed, the control unit must decode the command into instruction set.

11. How CPU Work with Other Devices? (cont.) • Execution cycle: In execution cycle CPU also takes 2 steps: • Executing: When the command is executed, the CPU carried out the instructions in order by converting them into macrocode. • Storing: The CPU may be required to store the result of an instruction in memory.

12. How CPU Work with Other Devices? (cont.)

13. Kind of CPUs • The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Inteland AMD • CPU is using with different devices. Example: • CPU for Mobile Devices • CPU for Personal Computer • CPU for Server Computer

14. Kind of CPUs (cont.) PIN First CPU

15. Kind of CPUs (cont.) CPU for Personal Computer For Server

16. CPU Slot/Socket

17. How to Install CPU

18. How to Install CPU (cont.)

19. Cooling CPU • A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to burn up • Require additional cooling 1. Heat sinks 2. Liquid cooling technology

20. History of AMD CPU

21. History of Intel CPU

22. History of Intel CPU (cont.)

23. History of Intel CPU (cont.)

24. History of Intel CPU (cont.)