Unit 5: Chapters 19, 20 & 21 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

1. Unit 5: Chapters 19, 20 & 21 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Creating more organisms

2. A. _____________________ 1. ______________________ 2. Forms of Asexual Reproduction a) __________________ - basically another name for mitosis - used by many ___________ _________

3. b) ____________________ - ________________________ - ______ and hydra c) ________________ - making _______ – like a seed but ________________ to the parent - ___________________

4. d) __________________ - ability of an organism to ________ lost body parts - ability decreases as the organisms become more complex

5. e) ___________________ - asexual reproduction in _____ 1) _____ 2) _____ 3) _____ 4) _____ 5) _____ 6) _____

6. f) _______________ - ________________ ADVANTAGES FOR ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION?

7. B. ________________________ 1. Advantages for Sexual Reproduction - __________  allows for adaptation to new environments - ____________ - __________________ 2. ____________________ - _______  _________ ___________________ 3. _____________ - __________________________ - ________________________ - formation of a ________

8. 4. Development - Development is the process by which the zygote becomes the organism - _______  ________  ____________________ ________________ a) Embryo Development 1) Mitosis - cell division to make more cells

9. 2) Cells grow between divisions - Cell layers = germ layers – become different parts of the organism __________ – ______________________ _____________ – _______________________ _____________ – _______________________

10. 5. Human Reproduction a) ______ Reproductive System ______ – male gonads; make _________________________ 100,000s of sperm produced _________ – sac that holds testes outside the body wall Sperm production and storage has to be at a _________ ____________________

11. Epididymis – storage area for sperm __________ – tube that carries sperm from the ______________________ _______ – tube through the penis in which sperm are ejaculated Semen = mixture of sperm ad fluids

12. b) Female Reproductive System ________ – female gonads, produce _________ and ________ Produces ___________________ ________ = ________________________

13. _____________________ – tube leading from the ovary to the uterus the Fallopian tubes are _______________________ ________ – thick muscular walled organ where implantation of the egg takes place the fertilized egg will grow and develop here Birth Canal = Vagina – site where sperm are deposited

14. c) Menstrual Cycle - hormone controlled process by which the egg develops and is released - the brain and ovary secrete 4 different hormones to control the cycle

15. 1) Follicle Stage pituitary secretes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)  causes the egg to develop in the ovary  also cause the ovary to produce estrogen  estrogen causes the uterine lining to thicken with tissue 2) Ovulation high levels of estrogen causes the pituitary to stop secreting FSH and to begin secreting luteinizing hormone LH  high levels of LH cause the ovary to release the egg (usually occurs in the middle of the cycle) 3) Corpus Luteum the release of the egg from the ovary causes the ovary to secrete progesterone (pregnancy hormone)  progesterone helps maintain the uterine lining 4) Menstruation only if the egg is not fertilized – secretions of LH and progesterone decrease and the uterine lining is shed from the body with the unfertilized egg

16. d) Human Development 1) _________________________ sperm deposited in the vagina and swim up the uterus to the __________________ One sperm fertilizes the egg in vitro fertilization Twins 2) ____________________ as the fertilized egg travels down the Fallopian tubes it goes through cleavage upon reaching the uterus the egg fastens itself to the uterine lining and begins pregnancy ectopic pregnancy _________________________

17. 3) ________________________________________ A – _______________ site where mother and fetus ________________________ ______ – blood does not cross between mother and fetus B – ____________________ rope like tube that carries the nutrients and wastes to and from the fetus C – _____________ D – ___________________ surrounded by the chorion (membrane) helps protect the fetus and keep it stable

18. 4) Fetal Nourishment Substances in the mother’s blood pass to the fetus ____________________ _________________ and Viruses 5) __________ gestation = length of pregnancy – 40 weeks (9 mon.) _______ = muscular contractions of the uterus premature birth cesarian section 6) Growth  Puberty  Growth  Death