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Geography 421

<---- Pecha Kucha. Geography 421. What is left to do: Pecha Kucha Projects Chapter 27 and 28. <--- Energy Chapter 27. <--- Manufacturing Chapter 28. Talking about Pecha Kucha (lets talk)!. Pecha Kucha is Japaness for Chit Chat.

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Geography 421

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  1. <---- Pecha Kucha Geography 421 What is left to do: Pecha Kucha Projects Chapter 27 and 28 <--- Energy Chapter 27 <--- Manufacturing Chapter 28

  2. Talking about Pecha Kucha (lets talk)! • Pecha Kucha is Japaness for Chit Chat. • In your presentations I would like you to have Chit Chat about anything in Canada. • EXAMPLES: Gov, oil, provinces, territories, values, belifs. • Each slide can be something different about Canada.

  3. Computer lab times:

  4. Energy: powering our nation Nikola Tesla http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoZQaPSH8jM Future Energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRPPbzWmWPk

  5. Depending on which set of statistics you consult, • Canadians are either the largest or the second largest • per capita users of energy in the world, for the fallowing • reasons. • Hint Hint! Question on test and exam: • We live in a Northern Climate with very cold temperatures for much of the • year. • We have a small population spread very thinly over a huge land mass. • Which means that we must use a great deal of energy for transportation. • Our advanced industrial economy uses a great deal of energy. • Energy is relatively cheap in this country, so we tend to waste it. Canada’s Energy Used today!

  6. Our Energy Sources are: • Well established conventional energy sources, such as oil, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity, and nuclear electricity. • A growing number of alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass energy. • In this chapter we will be dealing with Conventional energy. Since this is the most of the energy that Canada uses.

  7. Canada relies on 3 types of energy which is accountable for 98% of our energy use. oil 39% natural gas 35% electricity 24%

  8. Which energy does PEI rely on the most?

  9. Can these new sources of energy affect our health? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZe1AeH0Qz8 Natural Gas

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALCTOs2zakc&feature=related Tar Sands in Alberta

  11. Energy Terminology Basic unit used to measure energy is a joule. One joule is a tiny amount of energy. One gigajoule (GJ)= one billion joules One petajoule (PJ)= one million gigajoules

  12. How Energy is used: • Canada’s total supply of energy in 2003 was about 10 000 petajoules. Almost 20% of this total was used by manufacturers as raw material, and by energy producers to get their products to market. This leaves about 8000 petajoules, which were used as energy by businesses and consumers in canada.

  13. Go to page 350 in your booksAnd copy figure 27-1 and pass in for marksPlease be nice and neat! If I can’t read it I can’t mark it! SorryThis will be on your test! Hint Hintnot done in class it is for homework!

  14. Coal: Coal formed from the remains of trees and plants that grew in swampy areas 300 to 360 million years ago during the carboniferous period. The plant remains did not decay because of the low oxygen levels in the swampy water. Layer upon layer of undecayed vegetation formed deep deposits of organic matter that were later covered by sediments compressed the organic matter and, along with certain chemical changes, turning into coal. Different amounts of compression formed different types of coal:

  15. Different Types of Coal • Anthracite Coal: Formed under great pressure. It is shinny and hard, rich in carbon, relatively clean burning, and used mainly for commercial and residential heating. • Bituminous Coal: Formed under less pressure than anthracite. Softer and with more impurities, bituminous coal burns with a smoky flame. It is used primarily as fuel in thermoelectric plants, but substantial amounts are used for heating and for fuel in manufacturing industries. Coke, a fuel used in the blast furnaces of steel mills, is formed by “baking” bituminous coal at a temperature as high as 100c. Coke is known as metallurgical coal because it is used in the production of metals. • Lignite Coal: is formed near the surface of the earth where the pressure of overlying sediments was relatively low. Often called brown coal, lignite is soft, inexpensive, and filled with impurities. It is used almost entirely as fuel in thermal-electric plants.

  16. Srpringhill coal mine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4fYFX57IOo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkrtDeK9dXU Heritage min

  17. Electricity *** Canada ranks second behind Norway in the production of electricity per capita Is generated by a generator. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Ex: bicycle light. Here are 3 methods of turning turbines to create energy. • Moving water in a hydroelectric generating station • Expanding steam produced by burning coal, oil or natural gas in a Thermal-electric generating station • Expanding steam produced from nuclear fission in a nuclear electric generating station

  18. Hydroelectricity Generating stations can be built anywhere there are rivers with significant changes in elevation and large, reliable flows of water. (fig 27-12) (page 359) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcGiQ0Mt_fU

  19. Advantages to hydroelectricity • Plants are cheap to operate since there is no fuel to buy • It does not produce air pollution or carbon dioxide. • Uses renewable resources • Reservoir (if there is one) can be used for recreational activities

  20. Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity • Plants are very costly build • Suitable sites are often very far from areas where electricity is needed. • Practically all large sites near populated centers have been developed • Dams cause flooding • Flooding may cause the release of dangerous chemicals • The changed seasonal pattern of water flow

  21. Thermoelectricity • Steam, rather than moving water, turns the turbines, and this action causes the generator to turn

  22. Advantages of Thermoelectricity • Plants can be built near population centers where the electricity is needed • Plants can built where fuel is readily available • Plants are less expensive to build than hydroelectric or nuclear electric plants.

  23. Disadvantages of Thermoelectricity • Fuel costs • Oil, natural gas, and coal are non-renewable resources and will run out • Coal-burning thermal electric plants produce a great deal of air pollution and, the burning of all three fuels contributes to (global warming). • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3pujlkSTqo • Coal and, to a lesser extent, oil produce the gases that are responsible for acid precipitation.

  24. Nuclear electricity (Homework write me the advantages and disadvantages) Getting Electricity to market: Since provincial and state grids are linked within North America, electricity can be moved back and forth between provinces and between provinces and USA as needed. **** Most of the power produced in Labrador is sold to hydro Quebec, which in turn sells it to customers in the USA

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