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Ch.2.

Ch.2. Soil: Where the spheres coexist & interact (having interfaces of different spheres) Subject of many study fields, including environmental sciences Different definitions by different study fields

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Ch.2.

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  1. Ch.2. • Soil: • Where the spheres coexist & interact (having interfaces of different spheres) • Subject of many study fields, including environmental sciences • Different definitions by different study fields •  In this course, we simply define it as “the unconsolidated material on the Earth’s surface”

  2. Importance of soil • Most agricultural production (producing foods!) relies on it • Home of many life forms, consequently, essential part of the balance among the ecosystems on Earth • Big buffer against the environmental impacts (natural attenuation) • So many (our) activities would not be possible to occur without soil • Others

  3. From http://www.soilfoodweb.com/sfi_approach1.html

  4. From http://www.threer.co.uk/services_remediation_natatten.php

  5. Classification of soil • Genetic classification: zonal, intrazonal, azonal soils • Engineering classification: based on the constituent’s grain size and their composition • Classification with taxonomy • Order > Suborder > Great Group > Subgroup > Family > Series

  6. Distribution of zonal, intrazonal, and azonal soils in North Island, New Zealand From http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/soils-and-land-use/4

  7. Soil classification with the grain compositions From http://www.oneplan.org/Water/soil-triangle.asp

  8. Unified soil classification system (USCS) From http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/classes/geol552/seddescription.htm

  9. From http://www.soils.wisc.edu/courses/SS325/soiltaxonomy.htm

  10. 10 Soil Orders From http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/krubin/gg425-sched.html

  11. From http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/maps/Circumpolar/classification.html

  12. Characteristics (Properties) of soils are determined by • Climate, • Topography, • Parental rock, and • Vegetation and other biological activities

  13. Climate & soil From http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/krubin/gg425-sched.html

  14. Topography & soil From http://www.siera104.com/Soils/index.html From http://www.soil-net.com/legacy/advanced/soil_formation4.htm

  15. Soil properties affected by parent materials From http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/dairy/pastures-management/fertilising-dairy-pastures/chapter-3

  16. Influence of vegetation on soil properties (KELLY L.M. DECKER& R.E.J. BOERNER RevistaChilena de Historia Natural 76: 371-381, 2003 ) From http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2003000300003&lng=en&nrm=iso&ignore=.html

  17. Soil profile: Characteristics of vertically developed layers parallel to the surface (horizons) From http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5546E/x5546e04.htm

  18. From http://quakeinfo.ucsd.edu/~gabi/erth15-06/Lecture24.html

  19. From http://ecoclublive.blogspot.com/2011/01/soil.html From http://www.saburchill.com/lab/field/field02.html From http://ncealevel2sci.wikispaces.com/Fertilizers

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