The Norwegian Marine Insurance Plan

1. The Norwegian Marine Insurance Plan A brief introduction by Cefor www.norwegianplan.no

2. The Norwegian Marine Insurance Planor simply “the Plan” • A unique set of insurance conditions for hull and machinery, loss of hire and war risks. • The marine perils cover is based on the all risks principle, which means that every risk is covered unless specifically excluded. • An agreed document, drafted by a committee of shipowners and insurers under the auspices of a professor of law at the Scandinavian Institute of Maritime Law at the University of Oslo, Norway.

3. The Plan – cont. • The Plan is supported by the Commentary: • clarifies many issues of interpretation and practice, reducing the probability of disputes • The Plan is designed to support the Nordic claims handling model: • entails active support and cooperation by the insurer when dealing with claims The Plan is a tried and tested solution which gives great certainty to is users

4. The structure of the Plan Part Icontains common rules for all types of insurance dealt with in the Plan such as general rules relating to the scope of the insurance, the liability of the insurer and general provisions for the settlement of claims. Part IIcontains the rules for hull and machinery insurance. Part IIIcontains the rules for loss of hire (LOH), war risks and total loss only insurances. Part IV contains a cover for fishing vessels and small freighters, builders’ risk insurance and insurance of offshore vessels.

5. Perils covered by the Plan - I Marine perils: • The Plan’s marine perils cover is a so-called all risks covers, which means that all marine perils are covered, unless specifically excluded, cf. Clause 2-8. In order to reject a claim, the insurer must prove that a relevant exclusion applies, cf. Clause 2-12. • Excluded perils are: • war risks, • intervention by a State power, • Insolvency, • nuclear radiation or weapons, chemical, biological, bio- chemical, or electromagnetic weapons as described in the RACE II Clause.

6. Perils covered by the Plan - II War Risks: • The Plan’s war risk cover is a named perils cover, cf. Clause 2-9. • War perils covered: • war and war-like conditions, military exercises and astray weapons of war (mines and torpedoes), • capture at sea, confiscation and other similar interventions by a foreign State power, • riots, strikes, lockouts, sabotage, acts of terrorism, • piracy and mutiny, • measures taken by a State power to avert or limit damage caused by the abovementioned risks. • Excluded perils: • Insolvency, • nuclear radiationand weapons mentioned in the RACE II Clause.

7. Losses and costs covered by the Plan • Total loss • Damage • Measures taken to avert or minimise loss, including salvage and general average, Clauses 4-7 to 4-12 • Costs of providing security, etc., Clause 4-3 • Costs of litigation, Clause 4-4 • Costs in connection with the settlement of claims, Clause 4-5 • Costs in connection with measures relating to several interests, Clause 4-6 NOT covered unless agreed by the parties: • General financial loss • Loss due to unfavourable trade conditions • Loss of markets • Loss resulting from delay

8. Hull Insurance – general rules, Chapter 10 What the insurance covers – objects insured: • The ship (hull and machinery). • Equipment on board and spare parts belonging to or used by the assured (borrowed, leased etc.). • Bunkers and lubricating oil on board. Objects not covered: • Supplies, engine and deck accessories etc. intended for consumption. • Boats and equipment used for fishing, whaling, sealing, etc. • Loose cargo containers and loose cargo equipment.

9. Hull Insurance – cover options, Chapter 10 • Full cover, Clause 10-4 • Covers total loss, damage and collision liability in accordance with Chapters 11 to 13. • Total loss only (TLO), Clause 10-5 • Total loss as defined in Chapter 11. • Total loss and general average contribution, Clause 10-6 • As defined in Chapters 11 and 4. • Total loss, general average contribution and collision liability, Clause 10-7 • As defined in Chapters 11, 4 and 13. • Stranding terms, Clause 10-8 • Cover as in Clause 10-7 • Plus losses arising from the vessel having run aground, capsized, collided or suffered fire or explosion.

10. Hull Insurance – TotalLoss, Chapter 11 • The main rule - the ship is an actual total loss if the ship can not be recovered or is damaged beyond repair, Clause 11-1. • The ship is a constructive total loss (CTL) if the cost of repairing the ship amounts to at least 80% of the insurable value or the market value, whichever is the higher. • The costs to be included are defined in Clause 11-3. The calculation is made after the ship has been salvaged and salvage costs are not taken into account. • The ship is deemed to be a CTL if it is missing or abandoned for more than three months in accordance with the terms in Clause 11-7. • The hull cover is extended until the ship drops anchor or is moored at the first port if the insurance expires during the period of missing or abandonment.

11. Hull Insurance – Damage I, Chapter 12 • The main rule is that the insurer is liable for the costs of repairs necessary to restore the ship to the condition it was in prior to the damage, Clause 12-1. • Compensation for unrepaired damage may be claimed for when the insurance period expires, Clause 12-2. • The cost of repairs plus depreciation can be claimed in cases where it is impossible to make complete repairs, Clause 12-1 subparagraph 3.

12. Hull Insurance – Damage II, Chapter 12Costs of speeding up repairs • Clause 12-7. Costs up to the amount saved by postponing permanent repairs are covered or up to 20 percent of the hull valuation for the time the assured saves, if the latter is higher. • Clause 12-8. Costs of speeding up repairs by extraordinary measures are covered up to 20 percent of the hull valuation for the time the assured saves.

13. Hull Insurance – Damage III, Chapter 12Choice of repair yard, Clauses 12-11 and 12-12 • The assured chooses the repair yard but the Insurer may insist on tenders being taken. • Time lost waiting for tenders in excess of 10 days is compensated according to the 20% rule. • The Assured may choose a more expensive repair alternative if the additional cost is justified by the value of the time saved calculated in accordance with the 20% rule.

14. Hull Insurance – Standard Deductibles, Ch. 12 • Subject to agreement between the parties. • Clause 12-18. The deductible does not apply to claims settlement costs or measures to avert or minimise loss. • Clause 12-18. Heavy weather damage or ice damage occurring on a port to port voyage is regarded as one casualty. • Clause 12-16 states how machinery damage deductibles are to be applied. • Clause 12-15. Damage due to striking against or contact with ice is subject to a deductible of ¼ of the gross claim. The deductible does not apply to collisions with ice bergs in open sea.

15. Loss of Hire Insurance (LOH), Chapter 16 • Covers loss of a vessel’s income arising as a consequence of physical damage to the vessel that is recoverable under the Plan’s hull cover or other hull covers if agreed. • Also covers time lost as a consequence of 1) stranding, 2) GA events, 3) trapping by physical obstructions, or 4) cargo removal, cf. Clause 16-1. • A fixed daily amount may be agreed under Clause 16-6.

16. Loss of Hire Insurance (LOH), Chapter 16unique features • Time lost is calculated in days, hours and minutes. • Slow steaming and other cases of partial operation can be transformed into the appropriate amount of time lost. • Clause 16-9 coordinates LOH with the choice of repair yard rules in Chapter 12. The assured is never faced with a gap in the cover. The LOH insurer is liable for time lost during the shortest repair, the costs of which the H&M insurer is obliged to cover in full.

17. Total loss only insurances, Chapter 14 • Clause 14-1offers insurance against total loss excess collision liability, so-called hull interest insurance. • Clause 14-2 offers insurance against loss of long-termfreight income, so-called freight interest insurance. Hull interest insurance may not exceed 25% of the assessed insurable value under the hull insurance. The same applies to freight interest insurance. Cf. Clause 14-4.

18. War Risk Insurance, Chapter 15 • Chapter 15 deals with war risk insurance. All interests are included in one “package”. • War risks as defined in Clause 2-9. • The losses (interests) covered are: • H&M - total loss, damage and collision liability, • hull interest, freight interest, • loss of hire, • owner’s liability and occupational injuries

19. Claims handling according to the Plan - I Recognising that ships and fleets in most cases are covered by several insurers, the Plan has rules for efficient claims handling: • The assured appoints a Claims Leader (CL) whose role is defined in Chapter 9. The CL has the overall responsibility for proper and efficient claims handling on behalf of the insurers • The CL’s decisions regarding salvage, removal of the ship and repairs are binding on the co-insurers, cf. Clauses 9-5 and 9-6 • The CL is entitled to make decisions regarding claims against the assured from third parties when it comes to legal proceedings, appeals and amicable settlements

20. Claims handling according to the Plan II • The CL is entitled to provide a guarantee or counter-guarantee on behalf of the insurers for the assureds’ liability arising from collision, striking or salvage.Provided the co-insurers are notified of the guarantee, they are not entitled to pay compensation for the liability directly to the assured, cf. Clause 9-7 • A unique feature of the Plan is the insurers’ duty to pay interest on the compensation as from 1 month after the claims notice was sent to the insurer. Clause 5-4 gives rules for fixing the interest level and how interest is calculated