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Liberty Specifications Tutorial

Liberty Specifications Tutorial. WWW.PROJECTLIBERTY.ORG. Alexandre Stervinou Technical Consultant, RSA Security astervinou@rsasecurity.com. Tutorial Outline. Introduction to Liberty Alliance Overview & Key Concepts Resources Architecture and Specification documents Phase 1 - ID-FF

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Liberty Specifications Tutorial

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  1. Liberty Specifications Tutorial WWW.PROJECTLIBERTY.ORG Alexandre Stervinou Technical Consultant, RSA Security astervinou@rsasecurity.com

  2. Tutorial Outline • Introduction to Liberty Alliance • Overview & Key Concepts • Resources • Architecture and Specification documents • Phase 1 - ID-FF • Federated identity life-cycle • Metadata • SCR & Interoperability Conformance/Validation • Security Mechanisms • Phase 2 - ID-WSF & ID-SIS • Personal profile scenario • Privacy & Security Guidelines • Business Guidelines

  3. Joe’s Fish Market.Com Tropical, Fresh Water, Shell Fish, Lobster,Frogs, Whales, Seals, Clams Identity Crisis

  4. Open Interaction and Participation Standards Bodies Other technologies IETF W3C OASIS OMA MS Passport WS-Federation Utilize &Influence Co-operate Liberty AllianceandMembers ＰＲ Government ＰＲ LobbyGroups Develop & Deploy ＰＲ Develop & Deploy Sun AOL HP Nokia Media Requirements Apache Users Open SourceCommunity Vendors/Providers

  5. Key Concepts and Terminology • Identity • Simplified Sign-On • Single Logout • Network Identity / Federated Identity • Circle of Trust • Principal • Identity Provider (IdP) • Service Provider (SP) • Liberty Enabled Clients or Proxies (LECP) • Pseudonyms & Anonymity • Authentication Assertion (SAML)

  6. COMPONENT DEFINITION EXAMPLE • Personal consumer preferences (e.g., travel, entertainment, dining) • Identity-specific histories (e.g., purchases, medical records, etc.) • Device capabilities information (e.g., text-only, video, etc.) ATTRIBUTES: Traits, profiles, preferences of an identity, device, or business partner AUTHENTICATION: A level of security guaranteeing the validity of an identity representation • Govt issued (Drivers license, social security, Passport) • Biometric (Fingerprint, Retinal Scan, DNA) • Self-selected (PIN number, secret password) AUTHORIZATION: The provisioning of services or activities based upon an authenticated identity • Services based on attributes (e.g,. Travel, entertainment, dining) • Transaction consumption • Gradient levels of service (e.g., based on employee level) Key ConceptsNetwork Identity Concepts

  7. Partner A Partner B Partner H Partner C Partner G Partner D Partner F Partner E “Circle of Trust” Model Identity Service Provider(e.g. Financial Institution, HR) • Trusted entity • Authentication infrastructure • Maintains Core Identity attributes • Offers value-added services(optional) Network IdentityHub Provider Affiliated Service Providers • Offer complimentary service • Don't (necessarily) invest inauthentication infrastructure Circle of Trust • Business agreements • SLAs • Policies/Guidelines/AUP

  8. Key ConceptsAuthentication Assertion (SAML) Authentication Assertion Assertion ID Issuer Issue Instant (timestamp) Validity time limit Audience Restriction Authentication Statement Authentication Method Authentication Instant User account info (IdP pseudonym) User account info (SP pseudonym) Digital Signature of assertion

  9. Resources • Liberty Developer Resource Centerwww.projectliberty.org/resources/resources.html • SAMLwww.oasis-open.org/committees/security • SOAPwww.w3.org/2000/xp/Group/ • SSL/TLSwww.ietf.org/html.charters/tls-charter.html

  10. Complete Liberty Architecture Liberty Identity Services Interface Specifications (ID-SIS) Liberty Identity Federation Framework (ID-FF) Enables interoperable identity services such as personal identity profile service, alert service, calendar service, wallet service, contacts service, geo-location service, presence service and so on. Enables identity federation and management through features such as identity/account linkage, simplified sign on, and simple session management Liberty Identity Web Services Framework (ID-WSF) Provides the framework for building interoperable identity services, permission based attribute sharing, identity service description and discovery, and the associated security profiles Liberty specifications build on existing standards

  11. Liberty Specifications ID-SIS ID-FF ID-Employee Profile Implementation Guidelines 1.0 ID-Personal Profile Implementation Guidelines 1.0 ID-Employee Profile 1.0 ID-Personal Profile 1.0 ID-FF Architectural Overview 1.2 ID-WSF ID-FF Implementation Guidelines 1.2 Liberty Glossary ID-WSF Architecture Overview 1.0 ID-WSF Security & Privacy Overview 1.0 ID-FF Static Conformance Req. 1.2 ID-WSF Implementation Guidelines 1.0 Liberty Trust Model Guidelines ID-WSF Static Conformance Req. 1.0 ID-WSF Data Services Template 1.0 Identity Services Templates ID-FF Protocols and Schemas 1.2 ID-WSF Discovery Service 1.0 ID-WSF Interaction Service 1.0 Core Identity Services Protocols ID-FF Bindings and Profiles 1.2 ID-WSF Security Mechanisms 1.0 ID-WSF SOAP Binding 1.0 ID-WSF Client Profiles 1.0 Web Services Bindings & Profiles Liberty Authentication Context 1.2 Liberty SASL-basedSOAP AuthN 1.0 Liberty Reverse HTTP Binding 1.0 Liberty Meta Data 1.2 Normative Non-Normative Coming Soon

  12. Phase 1 - ID-FF • Federated identity life-cycle • Metadata • SCR & Conformance • Security Mechanisms • Authentication Context

  13. Federated Identity Life-Cycle

  14. Metadata • Metadata specification extensible framework for describing • cryptographic keys • service endpoints information • protocol and profile support in real time • Metadata exchange options: • In-band DNS based discovery • In-band URI based discovery • Out-of-band • Classes of metadata: • Entity provider metadata • Entity affiliation metadata • Entity trust metadata • Origin and document verification through use of signatures

  15. Identity Provider Introduction • Optional profile • Common Domain Cookie • MUST be named _liberty_idp • MUST be base-64 encoded list of IdP succinct Ids • Session or Persistent • Common domain established within the identity federation network for use with introduction protocol

  16. Single Sign On and Federation User IDP SP Login/Authenticate Introduction cookie Login/Authenticate You have a cookie from IDP, federate accounts? Yes, federate my accounts Redirect to IDP with Authentication Request AuthnRequest Authentication Assertion Issued Redirect to SP Here is my SAML Assertion or SOAP endpoint @ IDP SOAP SOAP Process Assertion Start service

  17. Federating an Identity Airline, Inc Welcome to Fly Right Airline Group Do you want to federate your Car Rental, Inc. account? IdP A Yes Cancel Airline, Inc Perform federation SP 1 CarRental, Inc Fly Right Airline Group Welcome John12 You’re signed on. Access afterFederation CarRental, Inc

  18. Account Federation Details (1) • User connects to IdP and authenticates Identity Provider User IDP SP Airline, Inc Fly RightAirline Group Login: Password: Enter URL,connect toIdP Other authentication methods are possible (e.g. certificate-based, Kerberos, etc. AuthenticationRequest John xxx User authentication (e.g., ID and password) AuthenticationCheck User goes to IdP of his choosing and authenticates himself. For example, using ID and password. Web page is displayed

  19. Account Federation Details (2) • User can choose to federate accounts with the IdP Identity Provider Airline, Inc Fly Right Airline Group Welcome, John You can link thefollowing accounts Car Rental, Inc User IDP SP Initial authentication AuthenticationCompleted Yes FederationRequest Service Provider Begin Federation After authenticating with the IdP other accounts that can be federated are listed

  20. Account Federation Details (3) • Federation initiated at the IdP Identity Provider User IDP SP Federation requires connecting to the SP and authenticating once Redirect toSP for federation Redirect Userauthentication Car Rental, Inc Fly Right Airline Group ID: Password: Federate with Airline, Inc SP login and federation opt-in Service Provider AuthenticationCheck FederationProcessing OK

  21. Account Linking and Identity Federation • User handles (name identifiers) • Eliminates need for global ID • Prevents collusion between SP1 and SP2 SP1 account John_s@sp1 Federate account IDP account Alias: dTvIiR Domain: IDP_A.com Name:mr3tTJ John123@idp Federate account Alias: mr3tTJ Domain: SP_1.com Name: dTvIiR Alias: xyrVdS Domain: SP_2.com Name: pfk9uz SP2 account John_0811@sp2 Federate account Alias: pfk9uzDomain: IDP_A.com Name: xyrVdS

  22. Single Sign-on • Instead of the SP directly authenticating the user the SP queries the IdP and the IdP issues an authentication assertion Identity Provider (1) Initial authentication (3) Authentication Assertion issued (4) Authentication Assertion sent HTTPredirect Service Provider (2) User authenticationrequest (from SP)

  23. Single Sign-On (1) • User connects to IdP and authenticates Identity Provider User IDP SP Airline, Inc Fly RightAirline Group Login: Password: Enter URL,connect toIdP AuthenticationRequest Other authentication methods are possible John xxx User authentication (e.g., ID and password) AuthenticationCheck User goes to IdP of his choosing and authenticates himself. For example, using ID and password. Web page is displayed

  24. Single Sign-On (2) • User chooses an SP Airline, Inc Fly Right Airline Group Welcome, John Federated SPs ・Car Rental, Inc ・Hotels, Inc Identity Provider User IDP SP IdP web page is displayed Choose SP or enter URL Service Provider AuthenticationRequest User is connected to the SP he chooses

  25. Single Sign-On (3) • User redirected to IdP based on authentication request from SP Identity Provider User IDP SP AuthenticationRequest HTTPRedirect AuthenticationRequest(redirect) SP can specify the authentication level it requires AuthenticationRequest Service Provider User authentication request results in redirect to IdP

  26. Single Sign-On (4) • IdP issues an authentication assertion Identity Provider Assertion is generated if user is authenticated and identity at the SP is federated User IDP SP AuthenticationRequest(redirect) If user is not already authenticated at IdP then initial authentication is performed Issuance of authentication assertion Service Provider AuthenticationAssertion Issued Airline.inc Fly Right Airline Group Login: Password:

  27. Single Sign-On (5) • Authentication assertion sent from IdP to Sp Identity Provider User IDP SP AuthenticationAssertion Issued AuthenticationAssertion sent HTTPRedirect Authentication Assertion Sent (redirect) AuthenticationAssertion sent Service Provider * Only Browser Postprofile Secure communicationchannel (SSL)is required ** In Browser-artifactprofile the IdP and SPwould exchange theauthentication assertionbetween themselves(back-channel) AuthenticationAssertion sent(SOAP)

  28. Single Sign-On (6) • SP checks the authentication assertion and allows access to service Car Rental.inc Fly Right Airline Group Welcome, John123 [Authenticated] Identity Provider User IDP SP Check authentication assertion Start service Service Provider Service started Check authentication assertion

  29. Single Sign-On • Available profiles: • Browser Artifact • Browser POST • LECP

  30. Browser Artifact Single Sign-On Profile

  31. Browser POST Single Sign-On Profile

  32. LECP Single Sign-On Profile

  33. Single Logout (1) • Single logout initiated at the IdP Identity Provider Airline, Inc Fly Right Airline Group Do you want tologout? Logout from allService Providers User IDP SP IdP logout web page is displayed AuthenticationCompleted Single logoutrequest Yes Logout Request Sent * Only SOAP/HTTP-based profile. ** With HTTP Redirect and HTTP GET profiles the user agent contacts each SP directly Single logoutrequest Service Provider Process logout Single logoutresponse The IdP can offer to logout the user from all sessions that were authenticated by this IdP Single logout confirmed

  34. Single Logout • Can be initiated at either the IdP or SP • Available profiles • HTTP-Based • For IdP-initiated: HTTP-Redirect or HTTP GET • For SP-initiated: HTTP-Redirect • SOAP/HTTP-based

  35. IdP-initiated Single LogoutSOAP/HTTP-based

  36. Federation Termination NotificationDefederation • Can be initiated at either the IdP or SP • Available profiles • HTTP-Redirect-Based • SOAP/HTTP-based

  37. IdP-initiated Federation Termination NotificationHTTP-Redirect

  38. IdP-initiated Federation Termination NotificationSOAP/HTTP-based

  39. Static Conformance Requirements • SCR (ID-FF 1.1) describes four profiles and the specific features (required or optional) for each profile • IDP • SP Basic • SP Complete • LECP

  40. Static Conformance Requirements

  41. Interoperability Validation • A vendor becomes eligible to be licensed to use the “Liberty Interoperable” Logo by asserting compliance against one or more Liberty Alliance SCR conformance profiles and then participating in a Liberty Alliance InterOp event to validate the assertion(s).

  42. Channel Security SPs authenticate IdPs using IdP server-side certificates Mutual authorization: SPs configured with list of authorized IdPs and IdPs configured with list of authorized SPs Before user presents personal authentication data to IdP the authenticated identity of IdP must be presented to the user Message Security Digital signatures should use key pairs distinct from those used for TLS and SSL, also suitable for long-term Request protected against replay and responses checked for correct correspondence with issued requests Security Mechanisms

  43. Authentication Context • Not all SAML assertions ‘are created equally’ • Different Authorities will issue SAML assertions of different quality • How will a consumer of these assertions discriminate? • Authentication Context is the information extra to the SAML assertion itself that describes: • Identification, e.g. Physical verification • Physical Protection, e.g. Private Key in hardware • Operational Protection, e.g. N of M controls • Authentication Mechanisms e.g. Smartcard with PIN • Gives a consumer of a SAML assertion the information they need in order to determine how much assurance to place in the assertion

  44. Authentication Context • Liberty defined an XML Schema by which the Authority can assert the context of the SAML assertions it issues • Liberty also defined Authentication Context ‘classes’ – patterns against which an IdP can claim conformance • Classes are designed to be representative of todays (and future) authentication technologies, for instance: • Password over SSL • Smartcard • Pre-paid Mobile Login • Biometric

  45. Authentication Context • SPs have a means to say: • I require that the User be authenticated with: • ‘Smart card with private key’, • ‘Password or better’, • ‘Any mechanism, you decide, I trust your opinion’ • The assertion you previously sent is insufficient for my current transaction, authenticate the user again • IDPs have a means to indicate to the SP the specific details: • Password policy requires 8 characters minimum, e.g. • The User was physically present at registration

  46. Phase 2 - Basic Flow In this scenario, IS is provided with redirect profile and thus, strictly speaking, IS is not an entity, i.e., IS is one of the functions of AP. In many case, these two entities is co-located, i.e., disco is the part of IDP Disco AP User SP IDP IS Single Sign-On Access Site Shipping Address? Use my personal profile Where is attribute provider? Use this attribute provider check permission Give me attributes Redirect UA to AP URL Redirect to AP URL HTTP GET to AP URL Request permission save permission Give permission Redirect to SP HTTP GET check permission Give me attributes Provide attributes

  47. Security & Privacy Guidelines • ID-WSF Security & Privacy Overview • An overview of the security and privacy issues in ID-WSF technology and briefly explains potential security and privacy ramifications of the technology used in ID-WSF • Privacy and Security Best Practices • Highlights certain national privacy laws, fair information practices and implementation guidance for organizations using the Liberty Alliance specifications.

  48. Business Guidelines • Federated Identity cannot be successful based on technology alone • Address business issues that need to be considered when implementing circles of trust and enabling federated network identity • Mutual confidence • Risk • Liability • Compliance • Application: Mobile Deployments Guideline

  49. Liberty-enabled products & services Communicator (available) Computer Associates (Q4* 2003) DataKey (available) DigiGan (Q3* 2003) Ericsson (Q4 2003) Entrust (Q1 2004) France Telecom (Q4 2003) Fujitsu Invia (available) Gemplus (TBD) HP (available) July Systems (available) Netegrity (2004) NeuStar (available) Nokia (2004) Novell (available) NTT (TBD) NTT Software (available) Oblix (2004) PeopleSoft (available) Phaos Technology (available) Ping Identity (available) PostX (available) RSA (Q2 2004) Salesforce.com (TBD) Sigaba (available) Sun Microsystems (available) Trustgenix (available) Ubisecure (available) Verisign (Q4*) Vodafone (2004) WaveSet (available) *Delivery dates being confirmed

  50. For more information… WWW.PROJECTLIBERTY.ORG

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