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GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze

GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Prof. in Global Carbon Cycle Modelling Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway Phone: +47 55 58 98 44 Fax: +47 55 58 98 83

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GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze

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  1. GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) ChristophHeinze University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Prof. in Global Carbon Cycle Modelling Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway Phone: +47 55 58 98 44 Fax: +47 55 58 98 83 Mobile phone: +47 975 57 119 Email: christoph.heinze@gfi.uib.no DEAR STUDENT AND COLLEAGUE: ”This presentation is for teaching/learning purposes only. Do not useany material ofthispresentation for any purpose outsidecourse GEOF236, ”Chemical Oceanography”, autumn 2012, Universityof Bergen. Thankyou for yourattention.”

  2. Sarmiento&Gruber 2006 Chapter 1: Introduction Chemical composition of the ocean Distribution of chemicals in the ocean

  3. From Libes, ”An introduction to marine biogeochemistry”, 1992

  4. From Libes, ”An introduction to marine biogeochemistry”, 1992

  5. Mean concentrations of elements in the ocean. These cover 12 orders of magnitude!! Source: Sarmiento&Gruber, 2006

  6. The most common elements in the earth system atmosphere From: W.H. Schlesinger, Biogeochemistry, Academic Press, 1997

  7. From: W.H. Schlesinger, Biogeochemistry, Academic Press, 1997

  8. The most common elements in the earth system seawater The major constituents have almost constant proportion (covary with salinity). changeable ions indicated by arrows From: Treatise in Geochemistry, Vol. 6, Elsevier, 2004

  9. Heinze, C., and M. Gehlen, submitted for 2nd ed. of book Ocean Circulation and Climate, edited by G. Siedler et al.

  10. Libes, S.M., 1992, An introduction to marine biogeochemistry, John Wiley

  11. Accumulation hypothesis: Oceanic concentrations represent simply the accumulated inflow from rivers since the ocean came into existence. (Does not work, concentrations would be highe.r) Equilibrium hypothesis: Oceanic composition is controlled by equilibria between seawater and chemical precipitates from seawater, solid particles of continental origin, and oceanic crust. (Does not work, would require composition to be constant over time.) Kinetic control theory: Composition of the ocean results from a balance between the input to the ocean from external sources and the rate of removal, with many processes being biologically driven. Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  12. Kinetic control theory: Composition of the ocean results from a balance between the input to the ocean from external sources and the rate of removal, with many processes being biologically driven. One possible formulation for removal term: R = Voc· k · Coc Voc: ocean volume k: kinetic constant Coc: concentration in seawater Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  13. Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  14. Sarmiento & Gruber 2006

  15. Sarmiento & Gruber 2006

  16. You find practically all elements in seawater

  17. Vertical profiles of elements in the North Pacific, compiled by Nozaki, 1996 Source: Sarmiento & Gruber 2006

  18. GEOSECS data set

  19. Elements, Tracers: • Biolimiting • Biointermediate • Biounlimited

  20. GEOSECS Station 214 32º N 176º W North Pacific Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the sea, ELDIGIO Press

  21. GEOSECS Station 214 32º N 176º W North Pacific Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the sea, ELDIGIO Press

  22. Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the sea, ELDIGIO Press

  23. Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  24. Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the sea, ELDIGIO Press

  25. Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the sea, ELDIGIO Press

  26. Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the sea, ELDIGIO Press

  27. Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the sea, ELDIGIO Press

  28. Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  29. GEOSECS data set

  30. Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  31. Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  32. GEOSECS data set

  33. Good starting point for marine biogeochemistry / chemical oceanography: Observations of inorganically dissolved substances. These can be measured very accurately. Why would one not take concentrations of organic substances?

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