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Worldviews and Org. Com.

Worldviews and Org. Com. Theory: a collection of patterned observations that have been made about a phenomenon. Partial Partisan Problematic Why study theories? --To help us understand why people behave the way they do --To help us determine what we still need to know.

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Worldviews and Org. Com.

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  1. Worldviews and Org. Com. • Theory: a collection of patterned observations that have been made about a phenomenon. • Partial • Partisan • Problematic Why study theories? --To help us understand why people behave the way they do --To help us determine what we still need to know

  2. Classical Approaches to Org. Com. • Historical Backdrop (18th – early 20th centuries) • Organizations = Empires • Franklin’s (1706-90)Poor Richard’s Almanac • Hard work, independence • Frederick the Great (1712-1786) • Military organizations • Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776) • Praised the division of labor • Industrial Revolution (late 19th century) • Rise of the factory • People began working for wages

  3. Rebecca goes to work Monday through Friday. She is expected to be there by 8:00 am each day. Rebecca has one supervisor, Ken, whom she interacts with only when he initiates the interaction. Rebecca knows exactly what is expected of her each day and she has clearly defined guidelines for performing her responsibilities. Ken will advise her on any changes in how she should execute her tasks. Rebecca is one of several other individuals who report to Ken. She is focused on producing for the organization. Rebecca leaves her organization each day at 5:00 pm.

  4. Classical Approaches • Principles • Hierarchy • Clip from The Office • Downward transmission of information • Workers are recipients • Scientific methods of production • Centralized power Top-down Management-oriented Metaphor = “machine”

  5. Three Classical Approaches • Scientific Management (Taylor) • “Well-oiled machine” • Efficiency • Time Motion Studies • Division of labor • Production-centered • Chain of command • Wanted to find a way for managers to know exactly what to do • Follow orders • Institutionalized work processes • Believed management needed control

  6. Scientific Mgmt, cont’d • How is Taylorism relevant to organizing? • Clip 1 • Clip 2 • Clip 3 • Standard Operating Procedures • Time Standards • Quick, speedy service

  7. Scientific Mgmt. cont’d • Problems with this approach? • Dignity and respect taken away • Burdens on people in service settings • Workers are disposable

  8. Three Classical Approaches • Classical Management (Fayol) • Five principles of classical management • Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling • “Scalar principle” • Centralized decision making • Fair remuneration for efforts

  9. Three Classical Approaches • Bureaucracy (Weber) • Bureau = desk; office • Bureaucracy = rule conducted from a desk or office • Bureaucracy (ideal form) designed to combat particularism • Fixed division of labor • Hierarchy • Rules: Official and written down • Hiring based on technical qualifications • Universalism: Equal treatment of employees based on their ability • The Office... What are the “pros” and “cons” of the classical approaches?

  10. Communicating Fairness Outcome fairness OA IA Equity fairness OA = OB IA IB Procedural fairness Interactional fairness

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