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Clad Materials

Clad Materials. Resistance Welding . Learning Activities View Slides; Read Notes, Listen to lecture Do on-line workbook. Lesson Objectives When you finish this lesson you will understand:. Keywords. Steel - Aluminum Cladding. Rolling a. Cold b. 600-750 F. Cleaning.

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Clad Materials

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  1. Clad Materials

  2. Resistance Welding • Learning Activities • View Slides; • Read Notes, • Listen to lecture • Do on-line workbook • Lesson Objectives • When you finish this lesson you will understand: Keywords

  3. Steel - Aluminum Cladding Rolling a. Cold b. 600-750 F Cleaning Post-Heating ~ 1000F

  4. Hansen, Const of Binary Alloys McGraw-Hill, 1958

  5. FeAl3, Fe2Al5 (Brittle) Steel Si > 0.25% in Steel Tends to Reduce Brittle Iron-Alumindes Thus Higher Post Roll Temperatures can be employed Aluminum Steel Steel Aluminum Steel Aluminum Steel

  6. Fe-Al Clad Material Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert, Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999

  7. Table of Steel and Aluminum Properties

  8. Heat Flow in Spot Welding (Fe - Al) The lower MP of Aluminum Causes Rapid Nugget Growth Which Can Lead to Al Expulsion A Larger Electrode on the Al Side Might Help Steel Aluminum Fe Al Fe Al

  9. Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel, Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999

  10. Steel Aluminum Fe-Al Weld

  11. Fe-Fe/Al-Al Fe-Al IMC = Fe2Al5 Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert, Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999

  12. Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel, Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999

  13. Fracture Occurred on Tensile Load At the IMC Interface With Thinner Aluminum Sheet, Fracture Occurred by Nugget Pull-out Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert, Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999

  14. Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel, Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999

  15. Heat Flow in Spot Welding (Fe - Trans - Al) Steel Steel Aluminum Aluminum

  16. Steel Steel Aluminum Transition Aluminum Fe-Fe/Al-Al Weld Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert, Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999

  17. Weld With 2 mm Steel Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel, Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999

  18. Shrinkage Voids in Al Due to Faster Cooling 1 MM Thick Steel (Faster Cooling) Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel, Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999

  19. Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert, Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999

  20. Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel, Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999

  21. Aluminum - Titanium Aluminum Titanium

  22. Properties of Ti & Al

  23. Ti-Ti Welds Aluminum High Conductivity Low Resistivity Low MP Titanium Low Conductivity High Resistivity High MP Ti melts, Heat flows to Al (melts a little because lower MP) but because of High Al Conductivity, Heat conducted to Electrodes

  24. Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  25. Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  26. Ti-Al Welds Electrode Indented Forcing Al Expulsion Ti Al Ti Al The high MP & high Resistance Ti pushes heat into the Aluminum Causing melting and expulsion along the Interface

  27. Ti Al Ti Al Ti to Al Weld Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  28. Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  29. No Current Range Expulsion Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  30. Oxide film between Al & Ti prevents interdiffusion This also promotes Interfacial Failure Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  31. Case 1 Electrode Free to Move Case 2 Electrode Restrained Al-Al Welds

  32. Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  33. No Restraint With Restraint Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  34. Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate, Welding International, May 1996

  35. Stainless Steel Clad Aluminum & Copper Hot Rolled Aluminum Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Copper

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