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PREHISTORIC AND PRIMITIVE MEDICINE

PREHISTORIC AND PRIMITIVE MEDICINE. Assist . Prof.Dr . Mehmet KARATAŞ Department of History of Medicine and Ethics. Findings / Evidences. Human mummy Human skeleton S tatuary Wall / stone figures. USA, Kyphosis. H arelip / Stroke. France, 15 . 000-10 . 000 BC. Branches of Science.

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PREHISTORIC AND PRIMITIVE MEDICINE

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  1. PREHISTORIC AND PRIMITIVE MEDICINE Assist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet KARATAŞ Department of History of MedicineandEthics

  2. Findings/Evidences • Human mummy • Human skeleton • Statuary • Wall / stone figures

  3. USA, Kyphosis

  4. Harelip/Stroke

  5. France, 15.000-10.000 BC

  6. Branches of Science • Archeology • Paleontology • Paleopathology • Physical anthropology

  7. Findings/Evidences • Evidences of infectious diseases,tuberculosis and parasitic infestations have been found in the tissues of mummies in Ancient Egypt • Evidences in teeth and bones; osteomyelitis, incorrect fracture union, trauma, spinal tuberculosis, bone tm • Decalcification, bone thickness, the bone growth

  8. USA, Gold Teeth

  9. Findings/Evidences • Bone deformities caused by syphilis • Signs of rickets in northern regions • Bile/kidney stones, congenital anomalies • Evidences of arteriosclerosis, pneumonia, stones (kidney), parasites in AncientEgyptianmummies

  10. Lack of Evidences • There isn't enough information about prehistoric medicine • No evidence before 4000 BC

  11. Spain, Fetus in the womb

  12. Spain, Fetus in the womb

  13. Life Span • Women live shorter than men (more birth, less food) • Men live longer than women

  14. Çatalhöyük, 6500-5700 BC

  15. Aztec Goddess (whilegivingbirth)

  16. The Basis of the Medical Practises • Diseases: A foreign power or a spirit takes control of the body with magic • Supernatural powers • A combination of religion, magicandmedicaltreatment

  17. USA, warts (verru)

  18. USA, Statue of Elephantiasis

  19. Prehistoric Treatment Methods • Fighting against diseases with magic (Appease the evil spirit or expelling) • Herbal treatment; fever reducers, diuretics, analgesics, sedatives, stimulants (curare, opium, cannabis, coca) • Massage • Water vapor treatment • Craniotomy, circumcision

  20. Aztec Steam Bath

  21. Trepanation in Neolithic Period in France • Expelling the evil spirit • A realsurgical intervention

  22. France, Trepanation

  23. USA, Trepanation

  24. Trepanation • Europe • Anatolia • Caucasus • Iran, Israel regions • North Pacific islands • South America

  25. Trepanation Tools • Flint • Volcanic obsidian • Animal bones

  26. Medical Applications • Various dances were performed in order to appease or expel the evil spirit • Masks, animal skins, drums… were used for this procedure • Absorption (snake bite), bottle drawing, blood flow, smoking • Finding guilty objects (Indians)

  27. Medical Applications • Tourniquet to stop the bleeding, pressuring, cauterization • Amputation (usually/more for offerings) • Suture with sewing needles made ​​of bone and tendon • Reduction of dislocations • Fracture treatment (wooden hanger, animal skin)

  28. Medical Applications • Handicapped people were killed/protection • Mentally ill people were killed/excluded (Because it was the expression of the evil spirit) • The killing of the elderly in order to lighten their loads • Eskimos left their mother/father on ice

  29. Medical People • Having mental illness is enough to be shaman in Amerindians and Siberians • Medicine, from father to son • There also some female physicians • Physicians protect from bad weather conditions, loss of herd, bad harvest and all types of disaster • Their social political status is high • Surgeries only do trepanation, blood streaming, wound drainage. They don’t do othertreatments.

  30. Medical People • American Indian physician (expert magicians, snake bite, injury, herbal therapy) • Professional magicians in the Congo • Siberian shaman has drum, hat, mask and he intermediates spirits, predicts future events, says magical words

  31. Konuyla İlgili SORU/CEVAP Soru 1: Tarih öncesi dönemdeki tıbbi uygulamalara ait bulgular nereden elde edilmektedir? Cevap 1: Mumyalaşmış cesetler, insan iskeletleri, figürler, duvar resimleri, heykeller Soru 2: Tarih öncesi dönemde hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan yöntemler nelerdi? Cevap 2: Büyü, bitkiler, masaj, su buharı, kraniyotomi, sünnet

  32. References • A. Selim ATAY, İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, translation • Tolga GÜVEN, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Tarihi ve Etik AD ders notları • Ali Haydar BAYAT, Tıp Tarihi • Emine ATABEK, Şefik GÖRKEY, Başlangıcından Rönesansa Kadar Tıp Tarihi • Çağlar Boyu Tıp, RocheYayınları • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

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