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OVER VIEW

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETATIVE POWER MARKETS AND GRID RELIABILITY PJM RTO EXPERIANCE vis – a – vis PRACTICES FOLLOWED IN INDIAN GRIDS and THE ROAD AHEAD. OVER VIEW.

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OVER VIEW

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  1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETATIVE POWER MARKETS AND GRID RELIABILITYPJM RTO EXPERIANCEvis – a – visPRACTICES FOLLOWED IN INDIAN GRIDSand THE ROAD AHEAD

  2. OVER VIEW After 14th August 2003 blackout, US Dept. of Energy (DOE) and Natural Resources of Canada (NRCan) invited PJM and others to comment on the relationship between Wholesale Electric Competition and Grid Reliability. The presentation covers • The views expressed by PJM. • The practices followed by PJM. • The practices followed in Indian Grids on the respective issues. • The Road Ahead

  3. PERSPECTIVE ON 14th AUGUST 2003 BLACKOUT(AS PER THE REPORT OF PHILLIP G HARRIS, CEO, PJM) • Myth Some believed that competition is the cause for the blackout as the need to maximise profits has caused the utilities to defer investments and expenditures necessary to maintain reliability. • Fact Though with the passage of time the investments and expenditures have certainly diminished, the advent of competition is only one (small) of the several drives for such business decisions

  4. PJM’s BELIEFS ON COMPETITION vis a –vis RELIABILITY PJM believes that • Wholesale electric competition enhances rather than compromises Grid Reliability • Competition supported by Regional Grid Managers viz RTOs has brought • Better Exchange of Information • Effective Grid Management Tools • Locational Marginal Prices • Competition makes all market participants • Partners in Reliability Protection • Reinforce and Improve Grid Reliability

  5. CAUSES OF THE 14th AUGUST 2003 BLACKOUT The task force final report has concluded that the main causes for the blackout are • Failure to assess and understand the inadequacy of the transmission system. (System planner/Grid operator) • Failure to recognise and understand the deteriorating condition of the system in real time. (Grid operator) • Inadequacy of Real time Diagnostic support. (SCADA/EMS) • Failure to adequately manage vegetation growth in its right of way. (Maintenance Agency )

  6. BLACKOUTS IN NORTH AMERICA IN THE PAST Major Blackouts (7) in North America : 1965, 1977, 1982, 1996, 1996 1998, 1999 Common Set of Factors: • Failure to ensure/operate the system within safe limits • Inability of system operators to visualise events over the entire system • Lack of coordination on system protection • Over estimation of generators dynamic reactive outlet • Conductor contact with trees • Inadequate training of operating personnel. Most of these factors were found in the 14th Aug 2003 Blackout also

  7. 14th AUGUST 2003 LIKE CONDITIONS IN INDIAN GRIDS Almost daily such situations are being experienced in Indian Grids: • Inadequacy of Transmission Network • AC Network in Western Region • Interconnections between ER – WR & ER - NR • Load Generation Imbalance in Real time • Severe deficit conditions in NR • High Voltage conditions in SR • Extreme Climatic Conditions • Severe foggy conditions in NR • Rains for long spells in SR However these situations are being tackled day-in/day-out.

  8. PRACTICES FOLLOWED BY PJM RTOvis – a – visINDIAN GRIDS

  9. PJMINDIAN GRID

  10. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability • Regional Despatch and Scheduling - Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) - Day Ahead Scheduling • Advanced Technologies - Real Time Contingency Analysis - Real Time Voltage Analysis - Visualisation Technology - Outage Planning & Coordination - Applications Scale & Scope • Regional RTO Coordination • Operator Training • Regional Planning

  11. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Regional Despatch and Scheduling through Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) (Responding to price signal in real time to improve reliability) • LMP model uses actual system inputs from a large number of points. • Provides real time transparent information about the system to all. • Gives all market participants an awareness where power needs to be increased or decreased and there by action is taken to improve reliability. A Parallel can be drawn with OA/ABT

  12. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Regional Despatch and Scheduling through Day Ahead Scheduling • Generation resources are scheduled based on projected system conditions and operating margins. • While scheduling, operational reliability standards are kept in to consideration. • Total transparent information mechanism between grid managers and market participants. Practices followed in Indian Grids : Next

  13. Practices in Indian Grids • Regional Despatch and Scheduling through • The Concept of Day Ahead Scheduling is being followed meticulously. (well defined in IEGC Document) • While Scheduling the transmission constraints are taken into consideration • The exchange of information is totally transparent ( through Web sites)

  14. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Advanced Technologies • Real-Time Contingency Analysis • Application Run Periodicity Every minute • Data Points Processed 68,000 (every 10 seconds) • Elements Monitored 13,000 • Number of Contingencies being evaluated 4,000 Provides System Operators with near Real-Time information on the impact of Contingencies. Practices followed in Indian Grids: Next

  15. Practices in Indian Grids Advanced Technologies • Real-Time Contingency Analysis • Application Run Periodicity Every minute • Data Points Processed 10,000 (every 10 seconds) • Elements Monitored > 2,500 • RTCA facility is included in the SCADA/EMS Package 20 contingency scenarios can be evaluated RTCA facilities are to be widely used in all Control Areas.

  16. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Advanced Technologies • Real-Time Voltage Analysis • On line Voltage Analysis Software that monitors and recalculates the voltage characteristics every 10 minutes. • Enables the Operators to avoid operating near voltage collapse conditions. ULDC systems are equipped with Real Time Volt Var Scheduling (RVSS) module – can be used optimally after MVAR data gets stabilised.

  17. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Advanced Technologies • Outage Planning and Coordination • Implementation of internet based outage coordination software that ensures coordination of outages over the entire market regions. Practices followed in Indian Grids: Next

  18. Practices in Indian Grids • Outage Planning and Coordination • IEGC (schedule 5.7) contains well elaborated outage planning procedures which is being followed by all the Regional Constituents. • Annual Plan • Quarterly Plan • Monthly plan • RLDCs are authorised to defer any planned outages in case of any system contingency/ requirements. • Each Regional Constituent to obtain final approval of RLDC prior to availing the outage.

  19. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Advanced Technologies • Applications Scale and Scope • Smaller control areas don’t observe enough of the grid to identify and understand all the factors. • Observing of only localised conditions may craft sub optimal solutions. Wide area visibility is being envisaged to provide high reliability and high economic value solutions. Practices followed in Indian Grids: Next

  20. Practices in Indian Grids Monitoring Grid Stability through load -angle

  21. Practices in Indian Grids Merit Order Despatch

  22. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Regional RTO Coordination • Enhanced operation information through data transfer protocals between RTOs and Reliability Coordinators. • Exchange of reliability and market data amongst all players. • Enactment of Joint Operating Agreement (JOA) to enhance reliability, data exchange and to coordinate settlements. Practices followed in Indian Grids: Next

  23. Practices in Indian Grids • Regional Coordination Responsibilities • All important data related to Grid Operation, Open Access and Commercial aspects etc. is made available on the RLDCs web sites. • Exchange of important information/ guidelines through documents. • Black Start Document • Operating Procedures • Transmission Elements • Weekly/Monthly/Quarterly/Annual Reports • Operational Studies and Advice regarding System Strengthening measures.

  24. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Operator Training • Significant time and resources to train operators. • 32 hours/year training and drill in system emergency response/ realistic simulation. • Same level of training to member companies • Every sixth week operators are scheduled for a training week • Level of training ( 16% of each operator’s work year) necessitates that RTO increase its total staffing levels to maintain the necessary operator presence in the control room while others are being trained. Practices followed in Indian Grids: Next

  25. Practices in Indian Grids • Operator Training • As per POWERGRID, CC, HR calendar the courses in Grid Management are being conducted at regular intervals. • RLDCs are arranging and conducting trainings in specialised areas. • Black Start Documents have been prepared for each region and mock exercises in typical cases are carried out. DETAILS: Next However the level and quantum of Training needs to be enhanced and the staffing level is to be improved.

  26. ULDC TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING ON RTU IS BEING REQUESTED REPEATEDLY BY CONSTITUENTS. FACULTY FOR THE SAME IS BEING IDENTIFIED. Total Man days = 657

  27. Practices followed by PJM to Improve Reliability Regional Planning • Works with stakeholders to conduct holistic and integrated system planning. • Planning process, identified transmission system upgrades and enhancements to provide operational, economic and reliability requirements. • All adjoining RTOs work together to be sure that transmission expansion is compatible. • Process requests for the interconnection of the new generator facilities. • Managing the queue of interconnection requests • Analysis of the system impact of each proposed generator Co-ordinated planning is carried out, however the projects by the state sector are also to be brought in a co-od. manner

  28. THE ROAD AHEAD

  29. The Road Ahead The Grid • Spinning Reserve • Var Management • Integrated Planning & Project Execution

  30. The Road Ahead • The Human Factor • Operator Training & Certification • Operator Feedback in Regional Planning

  31. The Road Ahead The Scada System • Improved visualization techniques • Real Time Contingency Analysis • Wide Area measurement system • Decision support tools

  32. The Road Ahead • Regulation and Governance • Operators forum @ National Grid • Ancillary Service Market

  33. The Road Ahead • The Grid • Spinning Reserve • Var Management • Integrated Planning & Project Execution • The Human Factor • Operator Training & Certification • Operator Feedback in Regional Planning • The SCADA System • Improved visualization techniques • Real Time Contingency Analysis • Wide Area measurement system • Decision support tools • Regulation and Governance • Operators forum @ National Grid • Ancillary Service Market

  34. Thank You

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