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Causes, Weapons, and Tactics of World War I

Causes, Weapons, and Tactics of World War I. The “isms,” guns, gas, and guts. Alliances. In order to provide safety for their citizens, leaders chose to enter into alliances with other countries When an ally went to war, you were obligated to as well Triple Alliance (AKA Central Powers)

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Causes, Weapons, and Tactics of World War I

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  1. Causes, Weapons, and Tactics of World War I The “isms,” guns, gas, and guts

  2. Alliances • In order to provide safety for their citizens, leaders chose to enter into alliances with other countries • When an ally went to war, you were obligated to as well • Triple Alliance (AKA Central Powers) • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (until 1915) • Triple Entente (AKA Allies) • Britain, France, Russia (until 1917), US (starting in 1917)

  3. Militarism • New weapons led to build up of militaries • Russia - largest in the world, but very outdated • Germany - most powerful and modern army of all • Britain - most powerful navy in the world

  4. Nationalism • Belief of many countries that they can do no wrong • Results from propaganda spread by government and media (yellow journalism) • Very dangerous as citizens do not think critically for themselves

  5. Imperialism • Belief that getting new lands around the globe adds resources and power • Conflicts arise as European nations fight for position in Asia and Africa

  6. Short Term Cause - “The Lighting of the Power Keg” Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

  7. Assassination Starts Trouble • Slavs in Austria-Hungary want freedom (nationalism) • Slavs are allied with Serbia (alliances) • Gavrilo Princip, a member of the terrorist organization called the Black Hand, shoots and kills the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Bosnia • Austria-Hungary immediately declares war on Serbia

  8. Technology of WWI Considered the “First Modern War”

  9. Rifles • Much more accurate and could shoot farther

  10. Poison Gas • First used by the Germans and later by Allies • A way to combat trench warfare • Heavier than air to sink into trenches • Burned eyes and/or lungs • Gas masks began to be used.

  11. Trench Warfare • Trenches were dug to hide in • 6 to 8 feet deep, they filled with water in rain • Men lived in trenches for months or years without leaving them • Boredom and terror were two most common states • Stalemate - no movement • No Man’s Land - area between trenches was cleared with flamethrowers and guarded with barbed wire

  12. Machine Guns • Capable of shooting 300 rounds (bullets) per minute consistently • Did the work of 80 rifles with a crew of four • Very heavy (140 lbs), jammed a lot, and overheated before becoming water cooled by end of war. • Placed on trenches, they stopped troop movements

  13. Tanks • In 1916, these creations began to be used by the French • Germans quickly created some as well • Soldiers were able to hide behind them • Had troubles with getting stuck in trenches

  14. Airplanes • Used primarily to scout enemy lines • Could be used to drop explosives • Had machine guns mounted above wings • Dogfight - air to air fighting between planes • Famous pilots • Baron von Richtofen (Germany)- “Red Baron” • Eddie Rickenbacker (American flying for France)

  15. Zeppelins • Also known as blimps • Used to glide over cities and drop bombs • Very slow but few guns could shoot them down

  16. U-Boats • German submarines that wreaked havoc with the Allies • Snuck up on prey without warning and fired torpedoes • Cannot be defended when surfaced, but cannot see what target is when submerged

  17. Your Task: Due Next Block! • Write a letter from the western front in WWI describing what life is like in the trenches. • Ideas you might wish to include: • Weapons, injuries, food, living conditions, gangrene, emotions, and relationships

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