A Country of Contrasts

1. HOW POACHING is AFFECTING COMMUNITIESGreg Stuart-Hill, WWF in Namibiaon behalf ofThe Namibian Team

2. A Country of Contrasts With Conservation Successes

3. Where we are now? • 82 Conservancies • 16 million ha (20%) of country • 200,000 poor rural people • From 1991, US$0.4 billion to Namibia’s national economy • Escalating year on year • In 2013: • Tourism & hunting generated N$72,2 mil for communities. • Supported 6,472 jobs – will rise dramatically next 5 years • Generated 500,000 kg of meat for local communities - 2 million high protein meals.

4. Income/Benefit Flows (2011-13) UNDERSTANDING BENEFITS Conservancy Committee BENEFITS/INCENTIVES To the rest of the community “the poorest of the poor” JV & Hunter Employees Traditional Authority Livestock Owners Conservancy Employees

5. Income/Benefit Flows (2011-13) Tourism Fees Employment Conservancy Committee Conservancy Operating Costs Running costs Salaries etc Cash BENEFITS/INCENTIVES To the rest of the community “the poorest of the poor” JV & Hunter Employees Traditional Authority Livestock Owners Conservancy Employees

6. Income/Benefit Flows (2011-13) Hunting Tourism Fees Fees Employment Conservancy Committee Conservancy Operating Costs Meat Running costs Running costs HWC compensation Chief/TA fees Salaries etc Cash Cash Employment BENEFITS/INCENTIVES To the rest of the community “the poorest of the poor” JV & Hunter Employees Traditional Authority Livestock Owners Conservancy Employees

7. Damage to Community Tourism? (the Job factory) Rhino tourism at one community owned lodge, In 2013: generated N$3 million in direct additional earnings TOTAL POTENTIAL LOSS N$3million/yr , (20% of lodge’s occupancy) FROM JUST ONE LODGE This lodge employs 46 people! Rhino & elephant in Parks such as Etosha are critical - just to get tourists into Namibia as community lodges are secondary destinations.

8. Damage to Communities Trophy Hunting? (the Money & Meat Factory) • Trophy hunting might end: • Cut quotas, or • Trophy bans • Annual losses of approximately US$1million to Communities (excluding income to outfitters and staff) • Loss of jobs - 530 conservancy game guards, plus numerous skinners, trackers, camp staff, etc. (Potential Poachers!) • Loss of 500,000 kg meat - 2 million high protein meals • Impacts not spread evenly across all conservancies – Spatial Impact

9. Current Financial viability of Conservancies (Income – Costs)

10. Current Financial viability of Conservancies (Income – Costs) • If Trophy Hunting Stops • Trophy Bans • Reduced quotas

11. The Poaching Threat (in the eyes of the community) • In Caprivi, 95 elephant poached in 2014 • Lost elephant= lost income + lost meat + ……… •  Lost meat benefits to members (1,2 million meals) •  At risk salaries for Game Guards & Staff (>350) •  At risk budget for running costs (US$1 million) •  HWC increases – predators stimulated by carcasses •  Future impact on their tourism industry • To communities- its about the threat to livelihoods, economic development and job opportunities • Use this ‘ticket’ to engage communities

12. -veEnabling Environment for Law Enforcement +ve Enabling Environment for Law Enforcement Help Poachers Lobbies for political action Endorses political inaction Endless supply of poachers Poaching becomes anti-social Help Law enforcement agencies ON-SIDE COMMUNITY ANTAGONISTIC COMMUNITY • See no future with wildlife • No Ownership • No Benefits • No support from conservationists • No empathy • No markets for products • Human Wildlife Conflict • Heavy-handed law enforcement • No law enforcement support • etc • See a future with wildlife • Proprietorship • 100% Benefits • Exclude external users • Capacity building support • Empathetic support • Value addition activities (PES?) • Capex support • Law enforcement support • etc

13. BALANCE MOTIVATING LAND OWNERSWhilst FIGHTING POACHERS Wildlife Crime Programmes Increase risks Increase effort Reduce rewards STEWARDS POACHERS Increase Motivation & Capacity Law Enforcement Support Generate Benefits Build Ownership Investment & Capacity Support CBNRM Programmes

14. Thank You

15. Strategies to Counter Wildlife Crime Increase Security & Prosecutions (Anti-Poaching) Stop Illegal Trade The Task of the International Community The Task of Law Enforcement Agencies Eyes and Ears Grow the Populations The Task of Land Stewards/Communities Habitat Expansion by Land Stewards/Communities

16. Destroys Stakeholder Trust & Collaboration In Namibia stakeholders work well together: MET – Communities – NGO’s & ? - - - Police - - - Judiciary Poaching raises emotions and breaks down trust Results in: • heavy handed law enforcement, • risks erosion of rights and benefits of stewards.

17. Organized Civil Society, Governance & Partnerships • 82 Elected CBO’s • 1 of every 8 Namibians • 530+ trained Game Guards • 1000’s of km of patrols • Monitoring Systems • Committed to Wildlife as a land-use • Partnerships: • NACSO - 13 NGOs & UNAM • Working Groups & MET • Conservancy Associations

18. Income/Benefit Flows (2011-13) Hunting Tourism Fees Fees Employment CONSERVATION INVESTMENTS Conservancy Committee Conservancy Operating Costs Meat Running costs HWC compensation Chief/TA fees Cash benefits Salaries etc Employment BENEFITS/INCENTIVES To the rest of the community “the poorest of the poor” JV & Hunter Employees Traditional Authority Livestock Owners Conservancy Employees

19. Anything that erodes Ownershipundermines community support for wildlife Anti-poaching laws, rules and actions can work against the spirit of Conservancy Legislation By undermining the feeling of ownership through: • Heavy handed and insensitive militaristic policing • Outsiders taking over, making rules, giving instructions • Excluding conservancies from law-enforcement activities • Blaming the entire community for the actions of a few • Trade bans, onerous compliance, etc