各型電腦之簡介

1. 各型電腦之簡介 Joseph Y-W. Deng http://www.ywdeng.idv.tw

2. Vacuum Tube 真空管

3. Transistor電晶體

4. Integrated Circuit (IC)積體電路

5. Mainframe: IBM 360 • Until the early 1960's, every computer model was generally designed independently, and sometimes individual machines were custom modified for a particular customer. IBM changed this forever, when they announced the IBM-360 family of computers in April 1964. • Some pictures here

6. PDP (Programmable Data Processor) • In 1957, Ken Olson and Harlan Anderson founded Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) • DEC's first computer, the PDP-1, sold for only $120,000 at a time when other computers sold for over $1,000,000. • PDP-8 1965 $18,500 12-bit. Where UNIX was born.

7. PDP-11

8. Micro, Midrange, and Mainframe • Three basic size of computers • The boundaries between these categories of computers are shifting

9. Requirements Definition and Computer Size • The deciding factor is not the size of a firm but its structure • Number of users (simultaneous access) • Size of data • Centralized v.s. distributed

10. Microcomputers • Single-chip central processing unit (CPU) • VLSI technology • Microprocessor • Personal Computer (PC) • Low-cost • DOS, Windows • Workstation • Networked Computers • UNIX • Notebook computers

11. Motorola 6502 (Apple II) 680x0 (Macintosh) IBM + Motorola PowerPC (Power Mac) Intel 8086, 8088, 80186 (IBM PC, PC XT) 80286, 80386, 80486 (PC AT) Pentium (586) Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium !!!, Pentium 4 (686) PC Evolutions

12. Moore's Law • Dr. Gordon E. Moore • Co-founder and chairman emeritus of Intel Corporation • The number of transistors per integrated circuit would double every 18 months • So does the computing power of microprocessors

15. IBM Compaq Dell Hewlett-Packard (HP) Unisys Texas Instruments Gateway Apple Computer, Inc. NEC Hitachi Toshiba Seiko Epson Fujitsu Acer ASUS LEMEL LEO TATUNG PC Vendors

16. Apple II

17. IBM PC

18. Apple Computer • Steve Jobs • Apple ][ • The First Personal Computer • Macintosh • Power Mac, iMac, iBook • iPod

19. iMac G5

20. iPod 全家福大合照，最新的 iPod nano 厚度跟重量都只有 iPod mini 的一半，而且還多了彩色螢幕。 iPod Nano Shuffle

21. iPod mini

22. iPod Nano nano的1.5吋LCD有176 x 132解析度， 操作介面跟之前的iPod系列相同

23. iPod Nano 結合吊帶耳機時，iPod nano 機身是倒吊著的

25. Workstation Vendors • Sun Microsystems • Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) • International Business Machines (IBM) • Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) • Compaq

26. Sun Microsystems • SUN: Stanford University Network • CPU • ULTRASPARC, AMD Operon • OS • SunOS, Solaris • Features • Scientific computing • Network servers • Products • Sun Blade • Java Workstation

27. Hewlett-Packard • CPU • PA-RISC, Pentium 4, Itanium (IA64) • OS • HP-UX, Windows, Linux • Features • Engineering computing • Business computing • Products • b, c, j, x, i-series

28. IBM • CPU • PowerPC, Pentium !!!, Pentium 4 • OS • AIX, Linux, Windows • Features • Business computing • Products • IntelliStation • RS/6000

29. SGI • CPU • MIPS, Itanium • OS • IRIX, Linux • Features • Graphics • Products • Fuel, O2, Octane2

30. Compaq • Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) • CPU • Intel Pentium 4, Alpha • OS • Windows, Tru64 UNIX,Open VMS, Linux • Features • Computing ? • Products • Evo, AlphaStation

31. Midrange Computers • When microcomputers do not have enough capacity and a mainframe is too complex … • Server Computers

32. Server Computers • High-end CPU • Multi-processor • Huge RAM • Fast network • SCSI disks • Rack mounted • High availability • RAID Disk arrays • Hot-swap devices

33. Blade Server刀鋒伺服器

34. Mainframe Computers • Mainframe are needed when • All employees are centralized located (10,000+ employees)

35. IBM Mainframes • zSeries 800, 900, 990, 890 • S/390 G5/G6, Multiprice 3000

36. IBM zSeries 990

37. Sun Mainframes • Sun Fire E25K • up to 72 UltraSPARC IV processors • supports over 1/2 TB of memory per domain • Price: • S: $752,085 • M: $1,721,085 • L: $3,218,085

38. HP Mainframe • HP Superdome

39. Fujitsu Mainframe • Fujitsu GlobalServer

40. Supercomputer超級電腦 San Diego Supercomputer Center

41. Electronic Storage Devices • Floppy disk drive • ZIP, 100MB~750MB • Fixed disk drive (hard disk) • Disk array (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk) • Tape drive (Cartridge, QIC, DAT) • MO • CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD

42. Monitors • CRT • LCD • Plasma

43. Dot-matrix printer Laser printer Ink-jet printer Thermal-transfer printer Thermal-wax-transfer printer Thermal-dye-transfer printer Solid-ink (solid-wax) Electrothermal printer Line printers Page printers Printers

44. Plotters • Ink-jet plotters • Electrostatic plotters

45. Scanners • Flatbed scanners • Hand held scanners • DPI: dot per inch • OCR • Optical Character Recognition • Barcode Reader

46. Mice and Other Graphics Pointers • Mice, mouse • Light pen • Touch screen display • Joystick • Track ball • Touchpad • Pointing stick

47. Telecommunication Equipment • Modem (Modulator/Demodulator) • LAN (Local Area Network) • Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet • Token-ring • Token bus • FDDI

48. Network Topologies • Bus • Star • Ring • Mesh • Tree

49. Cables and Other Eletromechanical Components • Coaxial cable • Twist-pair cable • CAT 3 • CAT 5 • CAT 6 • Optical Fiber • Single mode (yellow) • Multi-mode (orange)

50. Devices for the Disabled • Braille printers • Print readers • Talking terminals • Voice-activated terminals • Phone line with telecommunications devices • Audio input