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Chaparral

http://cpluhna.nau.edu/images/semiaridgrasslands92rw.jpg. Chaparral. (a.k.a. Temperate Shrubland ) Olivia Gehrke. Typically found in coastal regions that are bordered by deserts Ex) southern California Mediterranean.

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Chaparral

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  1. http://cpluhna.nau.edu/images/semiaridgrasslands92rw.jpg Chaparral (a.k.a. Temperate Shrubland) Olivia Gehrke

  2. Typically found in coastal regions that are bordered by deserts • Ex) • southern California • Mediterranean http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbi101/34_08TerrestrialBiomes-L%20copy.jpg

  3. Overview • Abiotic • Rocky • Lots of constant sunlight • Many hills • Biotic • Temperate shrubland • Dense growths of • Low-growing evergreen shrubs • Small trees with leathery leaves (reduce evaporation) http://www.californiachaparral.org/images/555_PS-Chamise-RS-chaparral.jpg

  4. Climate • Mild, moist, but doesn’t get a lot of precipitation • 10-17 inches per year (mostly in winter) • Summer=hot & dry • Temperature usually mild but sometimes reaches hot/cold extremes • Average range: 30-70 degrees Fahrenheit http://betterphoto.typepad.com/.a/6a00e5501d97a488330147e0f07ee8970b-800wi

  5. Soil • Thin, rocky layer on top of subsoil • Subsoil consists of clay or rock that holds moisture • Needs to hold moisture b/c summers in the chaparral can be very dry • Plants use moisture in the soil due to the limited amount of precipitation http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wWY3RnqSbnU/S_TJlorkiDI/AAAAAAAAAFU/OKv8UzJEcq8/s1600/chaparral.JPG

  6. Dominant Plants • Blue oak • Coyote brush • Common sagebrush • manzanita http://ucanr.edu/sites/scmg/files/30291display.jpg http://www.igoterra.com/photo/999/012115.JPG

  7. Plant Adaptations • Chaparral biome is known for having periodic fires, so some plant life has adapted to tolerate the fires. • Some plants are fire resistant • Coyote brush leaves’ chemical make-up prevents them from catching fire • Plants have seeds that mostly sprout following a fire • Fire poppy • Plants have to adapt to large variations in temperature • Blue oak can survive at 100 degrees Fahrenheit for several weeks http://www.laspilitas.com/images/grid24_24/3470/s/images/plants/304/Eschscholzia_californica-4.jpg

  8. Dominant Animals • Black-tailed jackrabbit • Grey fox • Wild goat • Golden jackal • Cactus wren • Spotted skunk http://www.tringa.org/images/9913500129_Black-tailed_Jackrabbit_10-20-2007_2.jpg http://www.animalspot.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Golden-jackal.jpg http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/images/ibex_bezoar.jpg http://www.nickdunlop.com/data/photos/381_1greyfox1.jpg

  9. Animal Adaptations • Have to be able to cope with fires • Cactus wren breed in shrubs freshly recovering from being burned • Learned to make use of scorched environment after a fire • Black-tailed jackrabbit • Able to withstand large variation in temperature; regulates body heat by increasing/decreasing blood flow in their very large ears • Feed only at night when it’s cooler • Digest food twice; eat their waste in order to get moisture out of it • Modified diet for times of limited food sources • Golden jackal adapted to eating some insects, even though it’s not part of their normal day-to-day diet http://www.saguaro-juniper.com/i_and_i/mammals/rabbitsNhares/Jackrabbit.jpg

  10. Ecological Interactions http://www.lbah.com/images/RwandaTanzania2011/Serengeti/JackalGazelle-25.jpg • Birds nest in low-lying, thick shrubs • Protective • Jackal is predator so keeps rodent and bird population regulated • Wild goat also prey of jackal

  11. Human Impact & Problems • Humans build houses in chaparral • Dangerous for humans because of the risk of mudslides and fires • Also take measures to prevent fires, which some chaparral organisms need to reproduce • Though some organisms need fire, most don’t, so careless human behavior causing rapid, long-lasting fires can kill off a lot of non-fire-resistant organisms • Too much fire=depletion of chaparral; native species killed; opportunity for invasive species to take over http://www.biosbcc.net/b100plant/img/SW/FIRE02.JPG

  12. Sources • http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/communities/chaparral • http://blueplanetbiomes.org/chaparral_climate_page.htm • http://californiachaparral.org/threatstochaparral.html

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