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Social change in 18th- and 19th-Century England and Ireland

Social change in 18th- and 19th-Century England and Ireland. 17 From Farm to Factory. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN At the end of this chapter you should understand ... What happened during the Agricultural Revolution in Britain. How the Transport Revolution influenced Britain.

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Social change in 18th- and 19th-Century England and Ireland

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  1. Social change in 18th- and 19th-Century England and Ireland 17 From Farm to Factory • WHAT YOU WILL LEARN • At the end of this chapter you should understand ... • What happened during the Agricultural Revolution in Britain. • How the Transport Revolution influenced Britain. • How the manufacture of cloth was changed by new inventions. • What caused the Industrial Revolution in Britain.

  2. What were the effects of the rise in population on agriculture (and industry)? Rise in Population

  3. Manor house The Agricultural Revolution Common Park manor Manor farm NORTH FIELD Barley Mill farm Weeds spread easily No machinery used WEST FIELD Brook farm New boundaries Ford Ford Stream Houses Houses Oak farm Green Village Mill farm Rectory Rectory Wheat Church Church Cattle and sheep thin Fallow Common Common Ivy farm Two-mile farm SOUTH FIELD Wood Southfield farm One-third of land not used What were the faults of the old three-field system? What improvements were made through enclosure?

  4. First Year Second Year New methods of farming The Agricultural Revolution How did the Norfolk crop rotation and selective breeding improve farming? Turnips Barley Wheat Clover Third Year Fourth Year

  5. The Agricultural Revolution New machinery How did the seed drill and the reaper improve farming?

  6. The Agricultural Revolution • More food: the increase in agricultural production • Between 1700 and 1850: • Corn production grew fourfold. • Sheep numbers almost trebled. • Cattle numbers more than trebled. What did Arthur Young contribute to the Agricultural Revolution?

  7. The Agricultural Revolution

  8. The Transport Revolution 18th century roads What were the faults of 18th century roads? Loads were small It was slow and expensive Many breakdowns occurred on bad road surfaces

  9. The Transport Revolution How did roads in the 18th century improve?

  10. The Transport Revolution Canals and ships Tunnel Aqueduct Locks How did canals improve transport?

  11. Britain’s Trade BRITAIN NORTH AMERICA Raw materials EUROPE Tobacco and cotton Manufactured goods – cloth, iron, guns and spirits Sugar WEST AFRICA Atlantic Ocean WEST INDIES The Middle Passage Slaves SOUTH AMERICA How did Britain’s trade contribute to the Industrial Revolution?

  12. The Transport Revolution Faster, cheaper and more comfortable Decline of coaches and canals Railways Impact of Railways Growth of industry Growth of tourism Growth of towns and cities

  13. Inventions in the Cotton and Woollen Industry Manufacturing Inventions • SPINNING INVENTIONS • More thread could be made. James Hargreaves 1764 Spinning Jenny Richard Arkwright 1769 Water frame – a spinning machine powered by water or steam Samuel Crompton 1779 Spinning mule – a spinning machine powered by water or steam 1730 Factory Industry Domestic Industry 1750 1800 • WEAVINGINVENTIONS • More thread could be made. John Kay 1733 ‘Flying shuttle’ for handloom Edmund Cartwright 1787 Power loom – powered by water or steam

  14. Steam Power Manufacturing Inventions Beam • Coal mines • More coal needed to power steam engines. • Transport • Steam engines used in railways. Piston Impact of Steam Power Cylinder • Iron industry • Steam engines made of iron. • Factories • More coal needed. • Steam engines drove machines. Condenser Would you agree that the steam engine was the greatest invention of the Industrial Revolution? Watt’s steam engine

  15. Coal, Iron and Steel Manufacturing Inventions USES OF COAL Gas lighting Engines for factories Railways and steamships Furnaces for steel Furnaces for smelting iron Chemicals, dyes and glass Home heating and cooking

  16. From Farm to Factory Growth of Cities More Houses, transport, Shops and Services Workers – Builders, Labourers, Shopkeepers Houses, Transport, shops and Services FACTORIES How was life under the domestic system different from life under the factory system?

  17. What caused the Industrial Revolution in Britain? A Summary Profits from trade Rising population Agricultural Revolution The Causes of the Industrial Revolution Transport Revolution Manufacturing Inventions Coal and Iron Ore How did each of these contribute to the cause of the Industrial Revolution? Which of these causes would you consider the most important?

  18. Why was manufacturing industry concentrated in certain areas? Jupiter Jupiter What did the Great Exhibition show?

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