The Affectional System in Monkeys

1. The Affectional System in Monkeys Assertion: Social isolation will affect the normal development of infant behavior. The initial studies by Harlow were purely accidental.

2. Normal monkey stages of play • Inanimate Object Play • Reflex stage • Exploratory stage • Object utilization stage • Object aggressive stage (Rough and • Tumble Play

3. Social Isolation

4. The effect of Social Isolation during infancy

7. The initial Play Pen

8. Stage of Age Mate Affection • Reflex stage of Peer Affection: noise, sound and movements of age mates attracts the subject in question

9. Three cloth mother raised infants, just leaving reflex stage. Note the close contact

10. Two playmates doing oral manipulation

11. Object Utilization Stage

12. Rough and Tumble Play

14. Playpen 2

15. Mother vs. Surrogate Rough and Tumble Play

16. Frequency of R & T Ply by infants with real mothers

17. Approach-Withdrawl Play

18. Approach-Withdrawal Play

19. Aggressive Play • Conspecific Aggresive Play • Interspecies aggretion • Both require the beginning of dominance status

20. Infant Affectional stages • Reflex stage • Comfort and Attachment • Security • Separation

21. Object Exploration vs. Social Exploration Over days

24. Time spent on Terry-cloth mother vs. wire-mother

27. Fear in an open field – no cloth-mother available

28. Open field test with and without surrogate mother monkey

29. Open field, cloth-mother available

31. Fear reduced, begin to explore (keeping contact with cloth mother)

32. Curiosity, open field cloth-mother

33. Strong preference for cloth mother in both age groups

34. When afraid run to the cloth-mother monkey

37. Maternal Affectional system • Attachment and Protection • Transitional and Ambivalence • Maternal Separation or Rejection

38. Socially Deprived Rhesus Monkey Mother

39. Mal Mothering in a Socially Deprived Rhesus Monkey

40. Normal (A,B) and Abnormal (C,D) male sex Behavior

41. Prim’s problems with Harlow’ Analysis • 1) The need for a concept of “critical period” for social learning, vis-a-vi the lack of the concept for social learning

42. Enriched experience vs deprivation experience • The only learning deficit shown by social isolates is in oddity learning, not in two object discrimination learning. • Enriched experience in rats have shown clear brain enhancement in growth of glial cells

43. Is learning all the same • How does social isolation harm the animals ability to for sex partners in the face of the fact that the isolate is not harmed for two objects discrimination learning

44. Failure to learn in the presence of an aversive state of affairs. • Given reinforcement theory of behavioral control how is it that the rhesus monkey can not adapt his sex behavior after repeated failures.