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GTECH 361. Lecture 02 The Basics pf Creating a GIS Map. Today’s Content. Techniques for choosing and modifying symbols and text. Today’s Objectives. choose symbols for point, line, and polygon features modify symbol properties such as color, size, and outline
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GTECH 361 Lecture 02The Basics pf Creating a GIS Map
Today’s Content • Techniques for choosing and modifying symbols and text
Today’s Objectives • choose symbols for point, line, and polygon features • modify symbol properties such as color, size, and outline • label map features using an attribute and by adding text • symbolize features to show type, rank, or amount • group features into classes and apply symbols to each class • compare different methods of grouping features into classes • correct visual distortion caused by differences in area • show proportional amounts on a map by normalizing data • symbolize features to show density
Two Map Categories • Reference Maps • Multi purpose • Thematic Maps
Effective Symbolization • Pictorial symbolsa picture says more than a 1,000 words
Types of Symbols • Point • Marker Symbol • Color • Line • Line symbol • Color • Polygon • Fill color • Fill pattern • Outline color • Size • Angle • Width • Outline width • Background color
Symbol Sets • ArcGIS comes with 25 off the shelf • You can create or import your own • Similar symbols in vastly different symbol sets, e.g.,
Labeling (Map) Features • Retrieving label value from field value in the feature’s attribute data
Label vs. Annotation • Manually adding a label describing a map feature that has representation in the underlying dataset • Dynamic labels are context-dependent
Representing Attribute Values • All features of a layer are the same • Differentiation according to feature’s attribute value
Classifying Data • Three decision prior to classification • How many classes? • What method to use for placing the values into classes? • What kind of symbology?
Classification Methods • Natural breaks • Quantile • Manual • Equal interval
How to Decide(on a classification scheme) • Rule of thumb: 3 - 7 classes • Classification histogram
Proportional Symbology • Absolute quantities can be misleading • When quantities vary a lot • When size of geographic feature varies a lot • Solutions • Mapping density • Mapping proportion
Normalization • Divide value of an attribute by value of another attribute • Most commonly by area resulting in density • Already normalized data should not be normalized by yet another attribute
Dot Density Maps • Each dot represents a specific amount • Dots map randomly within each polygon • Individual dots in a dot density map are not associated with actual location coordinates
Representing Proportions • Ratios between 0 and 1 • Percentages (ratios multiplied by 100) • Rates based on a round number • Per person • Per 1,000 • Per 100