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Chapter 5-3

Chapter 5-3. Ecological Niches & Adaptation. Question of the Day. Q: Which country is undergoing rapid population growth?. ECOLOGICAL NICHES. Each species in an ecosystem has a specific role or way of life.

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Chapter 5-3

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  1. Chapter 5-3 Ecological Niches & Adaptation

  2. Question of the Day Q: Which country is undergoing rapid population growth?

  3. ECOLOGICAL NICHES • Each species in an ecosystem has a specific role or way of life. • Fundamental niche: the full potential range of physical, chemical, and biological conditions and resources a species could theoretically use. • Realized niche: to survive and avoid competition, a species usually occupies only part of its fundamental niche.

  4. Generalist and Specialist Species: Broad and Narrow Niches • Generalist species tolerate a wide range of conditions. • Specialist species can only tolerate a narrow range of conditions.

  5. SPOTLIGHTCockroaches: Nature’s Ultimate Survivors • 3,500 different species • Ultimate generalist • Can eat almost anything. • Can live and breed almost anywhere. • Can withstand massive radiation.

  6. Specialized Feeding Niches • Resource partitioning reduces competition and allows sharing of limited resources.

  7. Avocet sweeps bill through mud and surface water in search of small crustaceans, insects, and seeds Ruddy turnstone searches under shells and pebbles for small invertebrates Herring gull is a tireless scavenger Brown pelican dives for fish, which it locates from the air Dowitcher probes deeply into mud in search of snails, marine worms, and small crustaceans Black skimmer seizes small fish at water surface Louisiana heron wades into water to seize small fish Piping plover feeds on insects and tiny crustaceans on sandy beaches Oystercatcher feeds on clams, mussels, and other shellfish into which it pries its narrow beak Flamingo feeds on minute organisms in mud Scaup and other diving ducks feed on mollusks, crustaceans,and aquatic vegetation Knot (a sandpiper) picks up worms and small crustaceans left by receding tide (Birds not drawn to scale) Fig. 4-8, pp. 90-91

  8. Differences in Adaptations • Each species has a beak specialized to take advantage of certain types of food resource. • This allows each species to survive in the environment

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