1 / 29

Chapter 3

Chapter 3. A. Gene function Genes and protein synthesis and mutation B. Genetic diseases Identification of genes Pedigrees/DNA markers Diseases (CF, PKU, Albinism, Huntington Disease, DMD) C. Use/Misuse of genetic information Genetic tests Prenatal testing

medwin
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 3

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 3 • A. Gene function • Genes and protein synthesis and mutation • B. Genetic diseases • Identification of genes • Pedigrees/DNA markers • Diseases (CF, PKU, Albinism, • Huntington Disease, DMD) • C. Use/Misuse of genetic information • Genetic tests • Prenatal testing • PCR (polymnerase chain reaction) • Eugenics (positive/negative)

  2. Chapter 4 • Genetic engineering Restriction enzymes/plasmids Genetically engineered insulin Gene therapy • Use of Genetic information • Human Genome Genomics/Bioinformatics

  3. Chapter 4 • Genetic engineering Restriction enzymes • Used to cut DNA at special sequences • e.g EcoR1 cuts at ---GAATTC--- • ---CTTAAG--- • palindrome -race car-

  4. Chapter 4 • Genetic engineering Restriction enzymes • Used to cut DNA at special sequences • e.g EcoR1 cuts at ---GAATTC--- • ---CTTAAG--- • palindrome -race car-

  5. Chapter 4 • Genetic engineering Restriction enzymes • Used to cut DNA at special sequences • e.g EcoR1 cuts at ---GAATTC--- • ---CTTAAG--- • palindrome -race car-

  6. Chapter 4 • Genetic engineering Restriction enzymes • Used to cut DNA at special sequences • e.g EcoR1 cuts at ---GAATTC--- • ---CTTAAG--- • palindrome -race car-

  7. fig. 4-1

  8. fig. 4-2 Plasmid circular piece of non-chromosomal DNA

  9. fig. 4-3

  10. Have bacteria produce a product that the body can’t make.

  11. Gene Therapy Put good gene into someone who doesn’t have it SCIDS bubble babies

  12. fig. 4-4

  13. Gene Therapy: • Is it possible? • Is it right (ethical)?

  14. Who dun it?

  15. fig. 4-5

  16. fig. 4-6

  17. Chapter 4 • Genetic engineering Restriction enzymes/plasmids Genetically engineered insulin Gene therapy • Use of Genetic information • Human Genome Genomics/Bioinformatics

  18. Sequencing DNA • if interested…see fig 4.7

  19. fig. 4-8

  20. Genome complete genetic material of an organism Human Genome project: Proposed in 1986 Funded in 1989 Preliminary report in 2001 (94%) Completed in 2003

  21. Genome results • 95% of human DNA is non-coding (not genes) • Fewer genes found than expected (35,000) • Many genes have unknown • Only 1% of our genes are unique (similar to 46% of genes in yeast) • 200 genes like bacteria • mutation rates differ in different parts of genome • Many sites (15) for variability (each individual is genetically unique) 23 = 23 = 8 223 = 8,388,608 223 = 2n

  22. study of the genome Genomics e.g., identify individual genes information generated is called bioinformatics uses molecular biology and computer science • 95% of human DNA is non-coding • introns (non-coding) and exons (coding) • see figs 4.9 and 4.10

  23. comparative and functional Genomics • similarities and relationships • simple vs. complex • gene families • gene functions • …… study the protein content of an organism Proteomics Normal function Disease processes Repair/drug interaction…..

  24. Chapter 1 • A. Properties of living things • list them and relate them to further materials • B. Scientific Method • subject matter and limitations • inductive vs. deductive reasoning • (specific to general) (general to specific; if…then) • Hypothesis: must be testable (falsifiable) • Experiments/observations test hypothesis • must be reproducible • must have appropriate controls

  25. B. Scientific Method (cont) Ethics: deontological: written code, individual rights emphasis on actions (right vs wrong) utilitarian: greatest good for most emphasis onconsequences

  26. 0 Genes, Chromosomes and DNA Mendel and Peas simple inheritance patterns phenotype/genotype, dominant recessive heterozygous/homozygous, Mendels “laws” B. Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Chromosomes Cell division: mitosis and meiosis Gene linkage, crossing over, nondisjunction Molecular basis of Inheritance DNA structure and replication

  27. Chapter 3 • A. Gene function • Genes and protein synthesis and mutation • (diagram) • B. Genetic diseases • Identification of genes • Pedigrees/DNA markers • Diseases (PKU, Albinism, CF, • Huntington Disease, DMD) • C. Use/Misuse of genetic information • Genetic tests • Prenatal testing • PCR (polymnerase chain reaction) • Eugenics (positive/negative)

  28. How proteins are made (protein synthesis): tRNA RNA Polymerase ribosomes (protein, rRNA) DNA mRNA protein 4 "letters” 4 "letters” 20 "letters" transcriptiontranslation (in nucleus) (in cytoplasm)

  29. Chapter 4 • Genetic engineering Restriction enzymes/plasmids Genetically engineered insulin Gene therapy • Use of Genetic information • Human Genome Genomics/Bioinformatics

More Related