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Kelvin K. Droegemeier University of Oklahoma Internet2 Spring Meeting 20 April 2004

The Collaborative Radar Acquisition Field Test (CRAFT): A Unique Public-Private Partnership in Mission-Critical Data Distribution. Kelvin K. Droegemeier University of Oklahoma Internet2 Spring Meeting 20 April 2004. NCDC. NEXRAD Doppler Radar Network. The Moore, Oklahoma Tornado

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Kelvin K. Droegemeier University of Oklahoma Internet2 Spring Meeting 20 April 2004

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  1. The Collaborative Radar Acquisition Field Test (CRAFT): A Unique Public-Private Partnership in Mission-Critical Data Distribution Kelvin K. DroegemeierUniversity of OklahomaInternet2 Spring Meeting20 April 2004 NCDC

  2. NEXRAD Doppler Radar Network

  3. The Moore, Oklahoma Tornado of 3 May 1999

  4. Damage Paths Ground Truth - 53 Tornadoes Storm H Storm E Storm G Storm A Storm C Storm D Storm B 100 km range ring Courtesy D. Zittel

  5. Trimmed Detections and Ground Truth Damage Paths Hits (142) Misses (25) FAs (21) Courtesy D. Zittel

  6. Doppler Weather Radar: Measuring the Wind Speed USA Today

  7. A Unique Tool for Sampling the 3D Atmosphere in Detail • The radar scans a 3-D conical volume of the atmosphere every 5-6 minutes through a series of 360 degree sweeps…

  8. A Unique Tool for Sampling the 3D Atmosphere in Detail • … at several elevation angles

  9. NEXRAD Facts and Figures • 159 radars (142 in the Continental US) • 121 National Weather Service radars • 26 Department of Defense radars • 12 Federal Aviation Administration radars

  10. NEXRAD Data Types • Archive Level I • analog, time domain output • Level II data • digital base data at full precision and all elevation angles • Archive Level III • digital products + lowest four elevation angles • reduced precision: data are binned • Archive Level IV

  11. NEXRAD Data Types • Archive Level I • analog, time domain output • Level II data • digital base data at full precision and all elevation angles • Archive Level III • digital products + lowest four elevation angles • reduced precision: data are binned • Archive Level IV

  12. The Value – Hazard Detection

  13. The Value – Real Time 3D Analyses http://caps.ou.edu

  14. The Value – Fundamental Predictability Carbone et al. (2002)

  15. The Value – Storm Climatologies

  16. The Value – Computer Prediction Models

  17. 7 pm 8 pm 6 pm Radar Hourly Radar Observations (Fort Worth Shown by the Pink Star)

  18. 7 pm 8 pm 6 pm Radar 4 hr 3 hr 2 hr Computer Forecast

  19. 7 pm 8 pm 6 pm Radar 4 hr 3 hr 2 hr Fcst w/o Radar

  20. Space Shuttle Columbia Debris Trail

  21. Bird Migration Studies

  22. NEXRAD data are *THE* mostvaluable data for mesoscale meteorology… but they were not available in real time to the academic and corporate communities

  23. The Collaborative Radar Acquisition Field Test (CRAFT) • Begun in fall, 1998 as a collaborative R&D project to demonstrate the real time compression and Internet-based transmission of WSR-88D base (Level II) data • Philosophy: Leverage existing infrastructures (Internet), public-domain software (Unidata LDM), and secure, low-cost services (56K phone lines) • Short-term goals: Storm-scale research and improvement of NCDC archive capability • Long-term goal: National real-time capability for operations, research, and private industry

  24. Coordinating Organizations • Initiated and led by the OU Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) • National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) • NOAA WSR-88D Radar Operations Center (ROC) • UCAR Unidata Program • National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) • University of WashingtonTREMENDOUS support from the US WeatherResearch Program

  25. Foundation #1: NSSL’s RIDDS Courtesy NSSL

  26. Foundation #2: Unidata Local Data Manager (LDM) Courtesy D. Fulker, Unidata

  27. Foundation #3: Data Compression – BZIP2 The Internet Adaptation to LDM by Harry Edmon, U. of Washington

  28. Foundation #4: The Internet NGI Internet2 Abilene TheInternet Commodity Invention courtesy A. Gore

  29. Foundation #5 • Incredible cooperation, collegiality, and agency support NCDC

  30. Original Technical Strategy At the radar site WSR-88D RIDDS

  31. Original Technical Strategy Linux PC + LDM + Compression ($1000) At the radar site WSR-88D RIDDS

  32. Original Technical Strategy Router ($2000) Linux PC + LDM + Compression ($1000) At the radar site WSR-88D RIDDS

  33. Original Technical Strategy Router ($2000) Linux PC + LDM + Compression ($1000) At the radar site Dedicated 56K line, T1, ($2000 - $6000/year) or NWS LAN LDM Server (OU) WSR-88D RIDDS

  34. Original Technical Strategy Router ($2000) Linux PC + LDM + Compression ($1000) At the radar site Dedicated 56K line, T1, ($2000 - $6000/year) or NWS LAN LDM Server (OU) WSR-88D Internet or Abilene RIDDS Users (LDM)

  35. Slow But Sure Growth February, 2000

  36. Technical Highlights • BZIP2 off-the-shelf compression algorithm • maximum 16:1 in clear air; 8:1 in the worst case; average of about 12:1 • Maximum aggregate data rate is 15 Mbytes/radar/5 min uncompressed = 48 Mbits/sec compressed for entire national network • bandwidth isn’t the main issue, but rather topology, quality of service, and data storage • 56K lines found to be inadequate in some cases (squall lines) – maybe 10% of time • Exceed available bandwidth by 10-20% • Can create latencies of 10s of minutes (more later) • Up to 26% improvement in compression possible in BZIP2, but requires changing code at user end • A pre-processing algorithm (NSSL) provides 10% improvement – no changes in BZIP required

  37. Humble Beginnings… January, 1999

  38. Eight More in 1 Year January, 2001 14 Radars

  39. Latency Data

  40. The Idea Catches Hold January, 2002

  41. The NWS Makes a Bold Decision Fall 2004

  42. Regional Collection Concept Proposed 5 Yrs Ago NCEP NCDC

  43. Reiterated Fall 2002

  44. Current Status • NWS is implementing a data delivery system based upon the CRAFT concept (regional hubs, Abilene as the backbone) • This infrastructure could become THE NWS data and model grid delivery system of the future

  45. We’ve Come a Long Way! Today – 123 Radars!!

  46. Private Sector Joins the Effort • Initiated after 2001 Stakeholders Workshop • NWS agreed to let OU provide real time Level II data to private companies and others (academia), as R&D partners, in exchange for latency and other information to help evaluate system performance • Any group could participate • Provided an opportunity for private sector partners to gain experience using Level II data and develop new capabilities with them • Had 6 private sector partners • Companies agreed to the collaborative nature of the project, i.e., everyone wins when everyone contributes

  47. The Benefits – Industry Development Baron Services, Inc.

  48. A True Public-Private Partnership Recent NOAA + Pvt Sector Money  $3.0M

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