The Beats

1. The Beats John Pallesco, KacielynBagorio, JovetteeGamban, and Stephanie Tap

2. With the reappraisal of the conservative and conventional structures of society after World War II the beat generation emerged as a counterculture, opposing materialism and experimenting with sexuality and drugs. The writers wanted to defy social conformity and literary tradition by creating bold and expressive literature that offset the twentieth century modernist style. The writers were influenced by romanticism, modernism, French realism, and Buddhism. Beat Generation Famous Authors: Allen Ginsberg Gregory Corso Lawrence Ferlinghetti Gary Snyder Jack Kerouac

3. Techniques: • Allusion • Imagery • Personification • Symbolism • Syntax • Themes: • Freedom • Opposition to “the man” • Drugs • Sexuality Techniques and Themes

4. Allen Ginsberg, born June 3, 1926 in Newark, New Jersey. • He was admitted to Columbia University as a student and there he began close friendships with William S. Burroughs, Neal Cassady, and Jack Kerouac. • - all became influential in the beat generation. • Died on April 5, 1997 in New York City Allen Ginsberg Notable Works: Howl Kaddish A Supermarket in California Five A.M.

5. A Supermarket in California What thoughts I have of you tonight, Walt Whitman, forI walked down the sidestreets under the trees with a headacheself-conscious looking at the full moon. In my hungry fatigue, and shopping for images, I wentinto the neon fruit supermarket, dreaming of your enumerations! What peaches and what penumbras! Whole familiesshopping at night! Aisles full of husbands! Wives in theavocados, babies in the tomatoes!--and you, Garcia Lorca, whatwere you doing down by the watermelons?  I saw you, Walt Whitman, childless, lonely old grubber,poking among the meats in the refrigerator and eyeing the groceryboys. I heard you asking questions of each: Who killed thepork chops? What price bananas? Are you my Angel? I wandered in and out of the brilliant stacks of cansfollowing you, and followed in my imagination by the storedetective. We strode down the open corridors together in oursolitary fancy tasting artichokes, possessing every frozendelicacy, and never passing the cashier.  Where are we going, Walt Whitman? The doors close inan hour. Which way does your beard point tonight? (I touch your book and dream of our odyssey in thesupermarket and feel absurd.) Will we walk all night through solitary streets? Thetrees add shade to shade, lights out in the houses, we'll both belonely.  Will we stroll dreaming of the lost America of lovepast blue automobiles in driveways, home to our silent cottage? Ah, dear father, graybeard, lonely old courage-teacher,what America did you have when Charon quit poling his ferry andyou got out on a smoking bank and stood watching the boatdisappear on the black waters of Lethe?

6. Born on March 26, 1930 in New York City to a 16 years old mother She abandoned him as a child and he spent most of his childhood in orphanages and foster home. • At the age of 17 he was convicted of theft and was sent to Clinton State Prison for three year. There he began writing poetry. • Known as the poets prison • The youngest of the inner circle of Beat Generation writers. • Died January 17, 2001 in Minnesota Gregory Corso Notable Works : The Mad Yak Marriage I am 25 Destiny

7. I am watching them churn the last milk they'll ever get from me.They are waiting for me to die;They want to make buttons out of my bones.Where are my sisters and brothers?That tall monk there, loading my uncle, he has a new cap.And that idiot student of his -- I never saw that muffler before.Poor uncle, he lets them load him.How sad he is, how tired!I wonder what they'll do with his bones?And that beautiful tail!How many shoelaces will they make of that! The Mad Yak

8. Born March 24, 1919 in Yonkers New York is a poet and liberal activist. • After time in WWII, he enrolled at Columbia University where he earned a master’s degree in English literature. • In 1953, he and Peter Martian started City Lights Bookstore which eventually opened up to a publishing venture. • Published mainly beat poetry • Used as the meeting ground for the beat poets in San Francisco. • San Francisco named a street after him in 1994 and was named the first Poet Laureate of San Francisco in 1998 • Received the lifetime achievement award from the National Book Critics Circle in 2000. Lawrence Ferlinghetti Notable Works: A Coney Island of the Mind The Changing Light Vast Confusion

9. The changing light • at San Francisco • is none of your East Coast light • none of your • pearly light of Paris • The light of San Francisco • is a sea light • an island light • And the light of fog • blanketing the hills • drifting in at night • through the Golden Gate • to lie on the city at dawn • And then the halcyon late mornings • after the fog burns off • and the sun paints white houses • with the sea light of Greece • with sharp clean shadows • making the town look like • it had just been painted • But the wind comes up at four o'clock • sweeping the hills • And then the veil of light of early evening • And then another scrim • when the new night fog • floats in • And in that vale of light • the city drifts • anchorless upon the ocean The Changing Light

10. Born May 8, 1930 in San Francisco, California is an American poet, environmental activist and lecturer. • Impoverished during childhood due to the great depression which opened the doors to his love for nature (grew up on a farm). • Was influenced by the Chinese and Japanese culture • Which caused the beat movement to be influenced by the Zen Buddhist • Fights for peace, environmental awareness and freedom from nuclear weaponry, and has never wavered in his devotion to these noble causes. • Pulitzer Prize for poetry(1975) Bollingen Prize for Poetry(1997) John Hay Award for Nature Writing (1997) • Resides in San Francisco, where he is still writing and giving speeches. Gary Snyder Notable Works Turtle Island The Real Work A Place in Space Mountains and Rivers Without End

11. Ah to be aliveon a mid-September mornfording a streambarefoot, pants rolled up,holding boots, pack on,sunshine, ice in the shallows,northern rockies.Rustle and shimmer of icy creek watersstones turn underfoot, small and hard as toescold nose drippingsinging insidecreek music, heart music,smell of sun on gravel.I pledge allegianceI pledge allegiance to the soilof Turtle Island,and to the beings who thereon dwellone ecosystemin diversityunder the sunWith joyful interpenetration for all. For All

12. AP Style Writing Prompts • Read the following poem “The Mad Yak” by Gregory Corso and write an essay in which you describe the speaker’s attitude. Using specific references to the text, show how the use of language reveals the speaker’s attitude. • Read the following poem “A Supermarket in California” by Allen Ginsberg and then write a well-organized essay in which you analyze poets use of language to convey mood and meaning of the poem.

13. Quiz Describe the beat generation. Who wrote famous poems such as “Howl” and “Five A.M.? Who started a publishing venture known as City Lights, which became the heart of the beat movement? What is a common theme in beat literature? Name one of Lawrence Ferlinghetti famous poems. Who coined the term “Beat Generation?”

14. Resources http://www.online-literature.com/periods/beat.php http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americannovel/timeline/beatgeneration.html http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5646 http://www.poemhunter.com/allen-ginsberg/biography/ http://www.poemhunter.com/gregory-corso/ http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/gary-snyder http://www.nndb.com/people/387/000104075/