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Std 5 Acids, Bases, and Salts (notes )

Std 5 Acids, Bases, and Salts (notes ). Properties of acids : Sour taste (i.e. lemon) They release hydrogen ion (H + ) into water They neutralize bases Corrode active metals Turn blue litmus paper to red. Properties of bases : Bitter taste (i.e. soap)

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Std 5 Acids, Bases, and Salts (notes )

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  1. Std 5 Acids, Bases, and Salts(notes) Properties ofacids: • Sour taste (i.e. lemon) • They release hydrogen ion (H+) into water • They neutralize bases • Corrode active metals • Turn blue litmus paper to red

  2. Properties ofbases: • Bitter taste (i.e. soap) • They release hydroxide ion (OH-) into water • They neutralize acids • Denature protein, slippery feel (i.e. soap) • Turn red litmus paper to blue

  3. What are acids? • Acid is an H+ion and a non-metal. Example: H+ and Cl- is HCl (Hydrochloric acid) H+ and Br- is HBr (Hydrobromic acid) H+ and S-2 is H2S (Hydrosulfuric acid) H+ and O-2 is H2O (is this an acid?) H+ and F- is HF (Hydrofluoric acid) Non-metal Remember the non-metals are at the right side of the Periodic Table!

  4. Acid can also be an H+and a polyatomic ion. Example: H+ and NO3- is HNO3 (Nitric acid) H+ and SO4-2 is H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid) H+ and CO3-2 is H2CO3 (Carbonic acid) H+ and PO4-2 is H2PO4 (Phosphoric acid) H+ and CH3COO- is CH3COOH (Acetic acid)

  5. More acids: H+ and Cl- HCl ______________ H+ and Br- HBr ______________ H+ and F- HF ______________ H+ andS-2 H2S ______________ H+ and O-2 H2O (acid?)________ Hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Water!

  6. What are bases? The base molecule is an OH-ion and a metalion. Example: Na+and OH- is NaOH, (Sodium hydroxide) Ca++and OH- is Ca (OH)2, (Calcium hydroxide) K+and OH- is KOH, (Potassium hydroxide) Mg++and OH- is Mg(OH)2, (Magnesium hydroxide) Al+++and OH- is Al(OH)3, (Aluminum hydroxide) Remember that metals are at the leftside of the Periodic Table!!!!

  7. More bases: Na+ and OH-NaOH _________ Ca+2 and OH-Ca(OH)2 _________ Li+and OH-LiOH _________ Mg+2 and OH-Mg(OH)2 _________ Fe+3and OH-Fe(OH)3 _________ Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Iron (III) hydroxide

  8. And finally…What are salts? Salt is a compound of metaland a non-metalions. Example: Na+and Cl- is NaCl (Sodiumchloride) Li+and Br- is LiBr (Lithiumbromide) Mg+2 and S-2 is MgS (Magnesiumsulfide) Ca+2 and O-2 is CaO (Calciumoxide) Fe+3 and F- is FeF3 (Iron (III)fluoride)

  9. Putting it all together... H+ Non-metal and acid is is base OH- Metal and acid base + H2O Metal + Non-metal gives and salt water acid base + water salt gives and

  10. Recap… • Acid H+ and non-metal • Base OH-and metal • Salt metal and non-metal

  11. If U R visual: Metal+ salt Non-Metal- acid base H+ OH- water

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