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Exploring Electrical Technology

Exploring Electrical Technology. 19 th Century Electrical S&T “The Age of Electricity”. Allessandro Volta’s Career & Contribution. Professor of Physics at Pavia Reputation of his work Advocated exact measurements of electricity. encarta.msn.com/.../count_alessandro_volta.html.

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Exploring Electrical Technology

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  1. Exploring Electrical Technology 19th Century Electrical S&T “The Age of Electricity”

  2. Allessandro Volta’s Career & Contribution • Professor of Physics at Pavia • Reputation of his work • Advocated exact measurements of electricity encarta.msn.com/.../count_alessandro_volta.html

  3. Luigi Galvani’s Role commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luigi_Galvani... • Accidentally found disembodied frog legs became electrically excited • Galvani’s subsequent publication in 1791 stimulated Volta’s reaction www.alchemical.org/em/Handout10-LuigiGalvani.html

  4. Voltaic Pile • Invented by Volta in 1799 • Announced in 1800 • Why was it so significant? • Volta & his pile ushered in the “Age of Electricity” www.wired.com/.../news/2008/03/dayintech_0320 commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pile_de_Volta.jpg

  5. Immediate Applications of Volta’s “Battery” • Nicholson & Carlisle discovered electrolysis • A way to liberate hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) from water (H2O) • Enabled isolation of several active metal elements for 1st time • Became method of measuring amount of charge www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/H/history_...

  6. Voltaic Pile Helps Challenge Traditional Notion • Distinction: electricity versus magnetism • One explorer set out to disprove it

  7. Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851)& His Contribution • Danish physicist & chemist • Prof. at Univ. of Copenhagen (1806) • During an evening lecture in April 1820 www.aps.org/.../200807/physicshistory.cfm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zfv-0bQtqaE

  8. Oersted’s Contribution • Significance: • Published his finding that year (1820)

  9. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday • Arago • Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836) people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/arago.html people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/ampere.htm

  10. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday • Ampere’s contributions

  11. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday • Ampere’s Career & Personality

  12. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday • Ampere’s follow up on Oersted • Also worked with Arago

  13. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday • Ampere’s legacy • Published work in 1827 • Credited for the unit of electric current [Amp] • Ampere’s interest contrasted with others

  14. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Salomo_Christoph_Schweigger • Schweigger • While static electricity (i.e., frictional) had been the focus of attention through the 18th century, Volta’s Pile and Schweigger’s galvanometer sparked interest in the galvanic (dc) circuit

  15. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday • Georg Ohm: one of those who turned his attention to the dc circuit www.magnet.fsu.edu/.../pioneers/ohm.html

  16. Other Contemporaries of Michael Faraday • Others who worked on fundamental formulations (electro- & magneto- statics) by extension of Coulomb’s work • Poisson (France) – Poisson’s Equation • Gauss (Germany) – Gauss’s Law • Significance: concise formulation of these “laws of nature” concerning electricity facilitated description, communication & application

  17. Emergence of Electromagnets • William Sturgeon (England) • Joseph Henry (United States) www.todayinsci.com/5/5_22.htm commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Henry_...

  18. Henry Helped Others Get Credit • His electromagnet later led to the relay • Discovered dynamo shortly before Faraday, but… • Focus on Faraday • “Father of Electricity” ? • Greatest scientific experimentalist of his time faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PHY100F/emhist.htm

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