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LINK 22 PRESENTATION

LINK 22 PRESENTATION. Dr. Kevin Buck NILE Program Manager. CDR Antonio Scarciglia Italian Representative To The NILE PMO. INFORMATION NOT RELEASEABLE FOR COMMERCIAL USE OR BEYOND IMMEDIATE AUDIENCE WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE NILE PMO. OUTLINE. LINK 22 Background

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LINK 22 PRESENTATION

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  1. LINK 22 PRESENTATION Dr. Kevin Buck NILE Program Manager CDR Antonio Scarciglia Italian Representative To The NILE PMO INFORMATION NOT RELEASEABLE FOR COMMERCIAL USE OR BEYOND IMMEDIATE AUDIENCE WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE NILE PMO

  2. OUTLINE • LINK 22 Background • Functional Architecture • Operational Characteristics • Technical Characteristics • LINK 22 On-The-Air Test

  3. LINK 22 BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE OF THE NILE PROGRAM • Design a New Tactical Data Link System (Link 22) Consisting of a Computer to Computer Digital Data Link Among Tactical Data Systems Equipped Ships, Submarines, Aircraft and Shore Sites, which will Meet the Requirements of the NATO Staff Requirement, Dated 09 March 1990.

  4. LINK 22 BACKGROUND (Cont.) REQUIREMENTS • Operational: NATO Staff Requirement, Revised Mar 90 • System, Functional and Performance: NATO Elementary Requirements Document, 12 December 94 GOALS • Replace Link 11 (Eventually) • Complement Link 16 • Improve Allied Interoperability • Enhance Commanders’ War-fighting Capability

  5. LINK 22 BACKGROUND (Cont.) The Link 22 Has Been Developed Collaboratively by Seven Nations Under the Aegis of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Six of the Seven NILE Nations Are Conducting The In-Service Support (ISS) Phase Under a New MOU That Came Into Effect on July 2002 The Current ISS MOU Will Remain in Effect for Five (5) Years, Until July 2007 Spain Has Applied to Join NILE United States Is Host Nation

  6. NILE/LINK 22 SCHEDULE

  7. NATIONAL LINK 22 PROGRAMS

  8. OUTLINE • LINK 22 Background • Functional Architecture • Operational Characteristics • Technical Characteristics • LINK 22 On-The-Air Test

  9. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Link 22 System NILE Communications Equipment (NCE) Radio SPC NILE Products Radio SPC TDS LLC DLP SNC Radio SPC Radio SPC National Development National Development MLTT & NRS NILE Products

  10. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE • Tactical Data System (TDS) • National Development Activity • Data Link Processor (DLP) • National Development Activity (Based on Common Interoperability Requirements) • System Network Controller (SNC) • Development Complete – Software Available Through NILE PMO and NILE Nations • Link Level COMSEC Device (LLC) • Available By December 2003 • LLC Simulator Available

  11. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Link 22 System NILE Communications Equipment (NCE) Radio SPC Radio SPC TDS LLC DLP SNC Radio SPC Radio SPC National Development National Development MLTT & NRS

  12. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Data Link Processing (DLP) • Interfaces with National TDS • Services Tactical Data (STANAG 5522) • Implements ADatP-22 Procedures • Interfaces with the SNC

  13. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Link 22 System NILE Communications Equipment (NCE) Radio SPC Radio SPC TDS LLC DLP SNC Radio SPC Radio SPC National Development National Development MLTT & NRS

  14. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM NETWORK CONTROLLER (SNC) • Common Software Development Ensures Interoperability • Provides Message Delivery Service • Provides Network Management Capabilities via Management Function (MF) • Performs Dynamic TDMA, Relay & Routing, Late Network Entry • Interfaces: DLP and LLC • Portable to Standard COTS Hardware • Tested in WinNT, HPUX and Solaris Operating Environments

  15. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Link 22 System NILE Communications Equipment (NCE) Radio SPC Radio SPC TDS LLC DLP SNC Radio SPC Radio SPC National Development National Development MLTT & NRS

  16. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE LINK LEVEL COMSEC (LLC) • Provides Communications Security (COMSEC) • Data Integrity Checksum Guards Against Undetected Message Errors • Chipset Commonality with Link-16 • Each LLC Supports up to 4 Nile Networks (NN) Using Same KEY • SNC supports up to 4 LLCs with Same/Different KEY

  17. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Link 22 System NILE Communications Equipment (NCE) Radio SPC Radio SPC TDS LLC DLP SNC Radio SPC Radio SPC National Development National Development MLTT & NRS

  18. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE SIGNAL PROCESSING CONTROLLER (SPC) • National Development Responsibility • Performs Modulation/Demodulation, EDAC (Error Detection and Correction) and Reception Quality Assessment • Interface: LLC, Radio and Time Of Day Standard • TOD must be accurate to within 1 millisecond of UTC • Transmits/Receives Data: • HF FF @ 1493 to 4053 bps STANAG-4539 • HF EPM @ 500 to 2200 bps STANAG-4444 • UHF FF @ 12,667 bps STANAG-4205 • UHF EPM @ Classified STANAG-4372

  19. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Link 22 System NILE Communications Equipment (NCE) Radio SPC Radio SPC TDS LLC DLP SNC Radio SPC Radio SPC National Development National Development MLTT & NRS

  20. LINK 22 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE RADIO SYSTEMS • HF FF and UHF FF Utilize Existing Link 11 Radios • HF FF: 3 KHz Upper Sideband Audio Port on HF Radios • UHF FF: 16 Kbps (KY-58) Port on UHF Radios • HF EPM and UHF EPM Require Frequency Hopping Radio Systems: National Development Responsibility • Link 22 Requirements Incorporated into EPM Radio STANAGs (4444 And 4372) • EPM Radios require Transmission Security (TRANSEC) Device to Control Frequency Hopping Patterns • EPM Radios May Require Interface to Time Of Day Standard

  21. OUTLINE • LINK 22 Background • Functional Architecture • Operational Characteristics • Technical Characteristics • LINK 22 On-The-Air Test

  22. IMPROVEMENT OF LINK 11 • Link 22 Overcomes The Following Link 11 Limitations: • Lack of Electronic Protection Measures (EPM) • Insufficient Capacity in Terms of Tactical Message Throughput • Insufficient Robustness (esp. Reliance on NCS) • Insufficient Error Detection and Correction • Inflexible and Slow Data Link Procedures • Message Standard Limitations • Limited Routing

  23. LINK 11 OPERATION VICE LINK22 • Differences • Link 22 Has No Net Control Station • Link 11 Does Not Distiguish Between Urgent and Routine Information • Link 22 Has Built In Relay • Commonalities • The Same Frequencies (HF And UHF Fixed Frequency) • The Same Radios (HF And UHF FF) • That’s It! • Link 22 Has More In Common With Link 16 Than Link 11

  24. 56 04 64 64 Link 11 Roll Call 64 NCS 04 56

  25. SN LINK 22 OPERATIONS • Multi-Media • Multi-Network • Multi-Network Membership NU1 NU12 NU7 NU26 NU8 NU5 NU18 NU7 NN1 - HF NN3 - UHF NU9 NU3 IS NU16 NU2 Interrupt Slot NU6 NU9 NU17 NU24 IS NU6 NU16 NU24 NU17 NU2 NU10 NU20 NN2 – HF EPM NN4 – UHF EPM NU9 NU11 NU9 NU19 NU15 NU13 NU14 NU15 NU 23 NU21

  26. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS KEY FEATURES • Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access • Dynamic Congestion Management • Multi-Media/Multi-Network • Routing and Relay • Mission Area Sub Networks • Late Network Entry • Dynamic Reconfiguration/Initialization

  27. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) • NILE Units (NUs) Have Pre-assigned Time Slots • Interrupt Slot Available for Injection of High Priority Messages • Time Slots Can be Dynamically Exchanged or Modified (DTDMA) NU4 NU6 NU3 NU5 NU3 NU1 NU8 NU2 Interrupt Slot NU7

  28. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • The Group of all NUs is Known as the Super Network (SN) • A SN Can Consist of a Maximum Number of 125 NILE Units (NU) • SN Consists of up to 8 NILE Networks (NN) • A NU Can Participate in up to 4 NN on Same Media/Different Media • The Link 22 Message Consists of 72 bits • Each Tactical Message Is Based on Link 16Data Elements (STANAG 5522)

  29. Use alternative route Ask for more capacity (DTDMA) Too much information for the available capacity LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Dynamic Congestion Management Revise the amount of data to be transmitted Ask the DLP for message cancel authorization

  30. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Automatic Routing and Relay • Control of Relayers Available NN 3 NN 1

  31. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Up to Twenty Three (23) Mission Area Sub Networks May be Established • MASNs are an Addressing Scheme NILE NETWORK 2 MASN 1 SUPER NETWORK MASN 2 NILE NETWORK 1 NILE NETWORK 3 MASN 3

  32. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Late Network Entry (LNE) • The Purpose of LNE Is to Allow Units Which Were Not Present at the Start of a NN/SN to Join • LNE is Used when a NU is Completely New, i.e. It Was Not Listed in the Optask Link Message (OLM) and/or when Media Parameters Have Changed From That in the OLM • LNE Includes Now a “Silent Join” Option that Allows a Unit to Join the Network Without Making Any Transmission • Operator Input is Minimal • Considered to be an Automated Background Activity

  33. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Dynamic Reconfiguration • Each NN can be reconfigured: • DTDMA (On or Off) • Network Cycle Structure (NCS) • The SN/NN Will Keep Operating During The Above Reconfigurations • Re-Initialization • New NNs can be started after SN Initialization • Each NN can change Frequency, Waveform and Crypto Integrity Mode

  34. NETWORK CYCLE STRUCTURECASE 1 23 MS NCT = 2.59 sec NU 1: CN=LOW AD=SHORT NU 2: CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-SHORT NU 3: CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-SHORT NU 4: CN=MED-HIGH AD=MED-SHORT

  35. NETWORK CYCLE STRUCTURECASE 2 NU 1: CN=HIGH AD=SHORT 30 MS NCT = 3.375 sec NU 2: CN=MED-HIGH AD=MED-SHORT NU 3: CN=MED-LOW AD=MED-LONG NU 4: CN=LOW AD=LONG

  36. NCS COMPUTATION RESULTS 23 MS NCT = 2.59 sec 30 MS NCT = 3.375 sec

  37. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Multiple Link 22 Networks Supplement Link 16. • Link 22 Extends Multi-media Communication Capabilities to HF and UHF Frequency Bands. • Link 22 Provides Enhanced Networking Capabilities. • Link 22 and Link 16 Utilize Common Data Structures.

  38. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Multiple Link 22 Networks Complement Link 16 • Link 16 Is Primarily an AAW Data Link • Frequently Relies on Airborne Relays • Link 22, Originally Defined as Primarily Maritime (ASW/ASUW), Is More a General Purpose Data Link • Extended Surface Wave and Long Range Sky Wave HF • Ship-Ship Relay Networking Extends Connectivity • Link 22 Can Free up Additional Capacity for Link 16 • Conversely, Link 22 Is Essential for Carrying Data that will Be “Pushed Off” of Link 16 During High Intensity Conflicts

  39. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Extends Multi-Media Communication Capabilities to HF and UHF Frequency Bands: • Cost Effective Use of Existing Link 11 HF and UHF Radios • Relaying via Multiple Link 22 Networks • Remains Available When Airborne Relay Unavailable • Also provides Time/Frequency/Angle-of-Arrival Diversity • Anti-jam capability via STANAG Compliant HF-EPM and UHF-EPM Radios (optional)

  40. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Link 22 Provides Enhanced Networking Capabilities • Nodeless TDMA, Continues to Operate Without Network Managers • Enhanced Connectivity, Via Automatic Routing and Relay • Interrupt Slots to Report High Priority Messages • On-going Capacity Reallocation Via Dynamic TDMA • Automated Optimization of Time Slot Allocations • Automated Link Establishment and Re-configuration • Automated Late Net Entry

  41. LINK 22 OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS • Link 22 and Link 16 Utilize Common Data Structures: • Most are FJ-series Messages (Same as J-Series) • Efficient F-series Messages Use Many Common Data Elements • Common JU/NU and Track Number (TN) Schemes. • Supports Participant Location and Identification (PLI) Tracks • Same Geodetic Coordinate System • No Complicated Link 16 to/from Link 22 Data Translations

  42. OUTLINE • LINK 22 Background • Functional Architecture • Operational Characteristics • Technical Characteristics • LINK 22 On-The-Air Test

  43. LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS • Media Types: HF FF, HF EPM, UHF FF and UHF EPM • Coverage: Up to 1000 nautical miles • Jam Resistance: Signal Processing with Error Detection and Correction, Network Packet Encryption (COMSEC) and ECM resistance (TRANSEC) • System Error Resistance: Goal of Bit Error Rate in Order of 10-4 • Robustness: Non-nodal, Relay Available, Multiple Sub-Nets and Dynamic Route Selection • Medium Access: Dynamic Time Division Multiple Access

  44. BLOS TACTICAL DATA LINKS Link 22 HF BLOS JRE Link-16 Line of Sight Link 22 UHF LOS Link 22 Routing & Relay

  45. LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS • Throughput: HF FF (QPSK max) 31 messages/sec (8PSK max) 45 messages/sec UHF FF Approx 150 messages/sec (Multi-Network Capability Makes These Numbers Bigger) • User Data Rate: HF FF: 1493 – 4053bps HF EPM: 500 – 2200bps UHF FF: 12667bps UHF EPM: Classified • It’s a Good Data Rate Considering a Narrow Bandwidth (W) and a Noisy Channel (Shannon Theorem Tells Us What is the Best We Can Do)

  46. LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS • HF FF: 6 Waveforms QPSK/8PSK, RS Coding • UHF FF: 3 Waveforms, 16 Kbps NRZ FM, RS Coding • HF EPM: 4 Waveforms, QPSK, Dual RS Coding • UHF EPM: 4 Waveforms, Convolutional Coding 1/2, 16 Kbps NRZ FM

  47. LINK 22 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS • 4 Different Modems, 4 Different Radio Systems, 17 Different Waveforms Make The Link 22 a Good Customer For JTRS • The Modem And The Radio Can Be Combined in a Software Radio Based System With a Complete NILE Waveforms Library • Link 22 With JTRS Will Make Easier The Enhancement of The NILE Waveforms

  48. JTRS JTRS JTRS HOW IMPLEMENT LINK 22 IN JTRS? Radio SPC Radio SPC TDS LLC DLP SNC Radio SPC Radio SPC

  49. OUTLINE • LINK 22 Background • Functional Architecture • Operational Characteristics • Technical Characteristics • LINK 22 On-The-Air Test

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