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Area Studies The Middle East

Area Studies The Middle East. Overview. Middle Eastern Overview History of US Involvement Military AOR U.S. Interests Arab-Israeli Conflict. History of US Involvement. Early European involvement France invasion of Egypt 1798-1802 19 th Century colonial powers WW I Borders.

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Area Studies The Middle East

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  1. Area Studies The Middle East

  2. Overview • Middle Eastern Overview • History of US Involvement • Military AOR • U.S. Interests • Arab-Israeli Conflict

  3. History of US Involvement • Early European involvement • France invasion of Egypt 1798-1802 • 19th Century colonial powers • WW I • Borders

  4. Middle East Treaty Organization Baghdad Pact, 1955 • Great Britain, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan sign METO • Deter Soviet expansionism • US joins, Iraq withdraws1959 • HQ moves to Ankara…name change to Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) • CENTO dissolves in 1979 after Iran and Pakistan withdraw

  5. Operation Nickel GrassYom Kippur War , 1973 • On 6 October 1973 an Egyptian/Syrian coalition launched a two-prong attack on Israel • Israel held but ran low on supplies • US provides airlift weapons supply via Lajes • US airlifted over 22,000 tons of supplies and equipment

  6. Camp David Peace Accords • Israel – Egypt Sept. 17, 1978 • President Carter, Camp David, MD • Begin – Sadat • First peace treaty between Israel and an Arab country

  7. Iranian Hostage Crisis • Nov. 4, 1979; 500 Iranian students seize the US Embassy in Tehran • Response to US allowing Shah in for treatment • 52 Hostages held 444 days • Operation Eagle Claw…eight killed • Ruined Carter’s re-election chance • Released day Reagan sworn in

  8. Gulf War • Iraqi invasion of Kuwait – 2 Aug 1990 • Desert Shield deployment begins – 7 Aug 1990 • Desert Storm Air Campaign – 16 Jan 1991 • 100 hour ground war – 23 Feb 1991 • Cease fire – 3 Mar 1991

  9. Terrorism • State sponsored terrorism appears to have declined over the past five years • Transnational groups—with decentralized leadership that makes them harder to identify and disrupt—are emerging • Usama bin Ladin • Hamas and Hizballah joining forces

  10. Terrorism • Terrorists are becoming more operationally adept and more technically sophisticated in order to defeat counter terrorism measures. • For example, as we have increased security around government and military facilities, terrorists are seeking out "softer" targets that provide opportunities for mass casualties

  11. Post War • DESERT STRIKE • DESERT THUNDERDESERT FOXShining Presence • Phoenix Scorpion I-IV • Desert Focus • Vigilant Warrior • Vigilant Sentinel • Intrinsic Action • Desert Spring • Iris Gold • Pacific Haven/Quick Transit • Provide Comfort I-II • Northern Watch • Southern Watch • Enduring Freedom • Iraqi Freedom

  12. Military AOR • USCENTCOM • Headquarters: MacDill AFB FL

  13. US Interests

  14. Persian Gulf War

  15. Arab Israeli Conflict

  16. Other Middle Eastern Issues

  17. Summary • Middle Eastern Overview • History of US Involvement • Military AOR • U.S. Interests • Arab-Israeli Conflict

  18. Questions

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