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Archaeology Merit Badge

archaeology merit badge presentation

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Archaeology Merit Badge

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  1. Archaeology Merit Badge

  2. Requirement 1 Tell what archaeology is -archaeology :the study of human history through the excavation of sites and the analysis of the artifacts found

  3. Requirement 1 How it differs to: -anthropology:the study of human societies/cultures and their development -geology:the science that deals with the earth's physical structure, its history, and the processes that act on it -paleontology:science dealing with animal and plant fossils -history:the study of past events, especially in human affairs

  4. Requirement 1 How archaeology differs from treasure hunting -Archaeologists study sites to get a better understanding of past history, but treasure hunters look for valuable objects for a personal gain. -Treasure hunting is a threat not only for archaeology, but for the public as a whole.

  5. Requirement 2 Site location -Depending on the age of the site, archaeologists may use existing structures, previous finds, maps, deeds, census, tax, and other records -Sometimes sites are found when homeowners find artifacts, building foundations, or abandoned wells

  6. Requirement 2 Development of background research/design -primary sources- the original written records from that period of time are the best type of written info -secondary sources- (ex. history books) can be useful if they're accurate. it's important to be able to distinguish between fact, legend, and opinion

  7. Requirement 2 Site survey and fieldwork -first the archaeologists draw a base map that indicates where the site is located. During the excavation the archaeologists add which portions of the site were excavated and where artifacts were discovered onto the map. A datum point is then established.

  8. Requirement 2 Artifact identification and examination -after excavation, cleaning, analyzing, and interpreting begins. it's estimated that for every hour of excavation is at least 20 hours of lab and other work. Often this study continues for years after the excavation is completed.

  9. Requirement 2 Interpretation -one aspect of this is to determine the period of time that the site was occupied. After miscellaneous artifacts are identified and cataloged, artifact groups from each provenience are studied as a unit.

  10. Requirement 2 Preservation -main goal for archaeological conservation- stabilize artifacts for long term preservation -can include chemical treatments, mechanical cleaning, or storage in the proper environment

  11. Requirement 2 Information sharing -can be site reports, books, lectures or exhibitions for public or academic audiences

  12. Requirement 3 2 ways archaeologists determine age -relative dating:dating certain artifacts to other artifacts from where they're located; older artifacts are below new ones -absolute dating:refers to identifying the age the artifacts are;achieved by identifying artifacts with known dates on the site,or comparing artifacts from a certain culture at the site;dendrochronology: establishing artifact age based on yearly growth rings of trees

  13. Requirement 4 Learn about 5 archaeological sites -Machu Picchu -Pyramids of Giza -Pompeii -Mesa Verde Stonehenge -Longmen Grottoes -Valley of the Kings:Tomb KV62 -Mycenae

  14. Requirement 4 Example: Mycenae -Discovered:Heinrich Schliemann in 1840 after he discovered the city of Troy -Discovered info from the past:The Perseid dynasty ruled Mycenae for at least three generations and ended with the rule of Eurytheus. When Eurytheus died in battle, Atreus became king of Mycenae. Mycenae began to decline around 1200 B.C. -Importance:its one of the most important archaeological sites of Greece;Mycenaean civilization that played a vital role in classical Greek culture

  15. Requirement 5a Learn about federal laws that protect sites -Protection of Archaeological Resources -Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 -Preservation of American Antiquities -Management of Museum Properties Act of 1995 -Antiquities Act of 1906

  16. Requirement 5b Organization that helps protect archaeological sites -US Committee of the Blue Shield -UNESCO World Heritage Centre -ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives -Society for American Archaeology

  17. Requirement 6a Why it’s important to protect archaeological sites -Removing artifacts from their context or digging to get artifacts to collect or sell destroys all of the valuable information forever. Since archaeological materials are a non-renewable resource, they should document any sites in danger of being destroyed. When archaeological sites are destroyed, valuable clues about the past are lost.

  18. Requirement 6b What people should do if they find an artifact -leave it the way they found it -document the location -alert a park ranger or local archaeology society -don’t post about it until an archaeology team has it covered

  19. Requirement 6c Describe ways you can be a protector of the past -educate yourself -treat remains of the past with respect -donate -photograph or sketch rock art, but don’t touch it -report looting/vandalism

  20. Requirement 9b Recreate item or practice skill from the past -mosaics -rope making -woodcarving -leatherworking -metalwork -pictographs -pottery -basketry -hunting,fishing,etc -jewelry design

  21. Requirement 11 Careers in archaeology -National park ranger -Lab technician -State historic preservation officer -museum worker -heritage manager

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