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3D PRINTING FOR URBAN PLANNING: A PHYSICAL ENHANCEMENT OF SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE

3D PRINTING FOR URBAN PLANNING: A PHYSICAL ENHANCEMENT OF SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE. Tarun Ghawana Integrated Spatial Analytics Consultants, India Sisi Zlatanova Delft University of Technology, GIS Technology Section, Delft, Netherlands. BACKGROUND 3D PRINTING

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3D PRINTING FOR URBAN PLANNING: A PHYSICAL ENHANCEMENT OF SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE

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  1. 3D PRINTING FOR URBAN PLANNING: A PHYSICAL ENHANCEMENT OF SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE Tarun Ghawana Integrated Spatial Analytics Consultants, India • Sisi Zlatanova • Delft University of Technology, GIS Technology Section, Delft, Netherlands

  2. BACKGROUND • 3D PRINTING • COMPARING 3D PRINTING and 3D VISUALIZATION • 3D PRINTING AND GIS • CHALLENGES IN 3D PRINTING OF GIS LAYERS • 3D PRINTING AND CITYGML • CASE STUDY OF DWARKA SUBCITY OF DELHI, INDIA

  3. Background • 3D Models are more commonly used now for various planning sectors • 3D visualization enhances spatial aspects in an interacting thematic concerns environment • 3D physical models have been largely used for urban planning for presenting new developments

  4. Skepticism • 2007, TUDelft • Wind simulation

  5. 3D Printing • Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of making 3D solid objects from a digital model. • 3D Printing technique deposits material layer by layer. No waste of material • Numerous 3D printing technologies out there; stereo lithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS) and fuse depositing modelling (FDM)

  6. Examples

  7. Comparing 3D Printing and 3D Visualization

  8. 2D Paper / Other Material Maps (Colour/ B & W) Colour / B & W Scanned 2D Images (non-interactive) GIS 2D Data (Interactive & Attributes Attached) GIS 3D Data (Interactive & Attributes Attached, Virtual Models) Fly-thru 3D Simulation Tours, recorded as motion video Handmade 3D Models of 3D Data (Physical Models) Digital 3D printing of 3D Data with Z properties (Physical Models) 3D Printing and GIS (1/2) • Virtual scenes generated in 3D GIS environment enhance user understanding • Visualization process has passed many stages towards realistic scenes

  9. 3D Printing and GIS (2/2) • single piece objects creation unless impossible by other means of production • possible to print objects within objects, hollow parts, interconnected parts

  10. Challenges in 3D Printing of GIS Layers • Translation of various GIS data formats into STL file format • Reducing data loss while translating DEM data into STL file format • 3D printing is not necessarily a cheap process • High level resolution and accuracy of a 3D print but for depending on the size of the model • Work with valid 3D digital models, i.e. closed volume • GIS data varies on compression and projections so it needs to be put back in its original shape

  11. 3D Printing and CityGML (1/2) • CityGML is currently the only standard for 3D vector data along with semantics, topology and appearance associated with the data

  12. 3D Printing and CITYGML (2/2) • 3D printing characteristics matched with relevant CityGML characteristics (Zprint, Zcorp) http://www.zcorp.com/en/Products/3D-Printers/spage.aspx

  13. Case Study of Dwarka Subcity, Delhi (1/5) • Dwarkasub-city developed recently for approximately 1 million people in Delhi • 29 sectors planned covering around 5,650 hectares • Dwarkalanduse distribution follows a distinct hierarchical pattern from sub-city level to sector level

  14. Case Study of Dwarka Subcity, Delhi (2/5) • one sample of sector 6 in Dwarka with total area of 93 hectares • Allocated Residential landuse: 41 hectares /410,000 sq. mtrs approx.

  15. Case Study of Dwarka Subcity, Delhi (3/5) • Some residential apartment’s society premises are marked on both sides of a road in sector 6 • The covering areas of societies measured as: Maximum: 170 m x 125 m x 40 m Minimum: 80 m x 80 m x 40 m • Disconnected blocks or connected through only a viaduct. • On average, the dimensions of these blocks are around 30 m x 30 m x 40 m in X, Y, Z terms

  16. Case Study of Dwarka Subcity, Delhi (4/5) • Single Block Printing Size and Scaling Requirements • Average scale of 1:160 for the building block, allows printing of a window 2 x 2 m (200 cm/2000 mm) in 12 x 12 mm • 3-4 such building blocks exists in each society, allowing 3D printing in manageable units • Vertical speed of 0.9 inch/hour (23 mm/hour), allows printing a window of 2 x 2 m in a few minutes

  17. Case Study of Dwarka Subcity, Delhi (5/5) • Feasible Level of Detail (LOD) as per CityGML, references to 3D print the area of interests on different scales:

  18. Conclusions and Recommendations • Physical enhancement of spatial perspective for the users. • More realistic interfaces for stakeholders negotiations and presenting new development • Detailed 3D model printing possible of landscape, buildings, road furniture etc. for street level planning • Value addition for planners due to the ability to print subsurface utilities, terrain and groundwater variations • 3D printed models can be used in Delhi by various planning agencies • 3D printed model can expedite the negotiations process in city development and planning

  19. Thank you for your attention Tarun Ghawana: tarungh@gmail.com

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