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企業經營模擬遊戲 簡介

企業經營模擬遊戲 簡介. 陶幼慧 高大資管系. 經營競賽教學法 ( Business Game ). 或稱管理競賽 ( Management Game ) 透過 實際的系統來模擬 各類經營情境，以培育經營人才在 決策制定 、 環境與競爭分析 、以及解決 各類管理問題之能力 為美國各大學企管研究所經常使用的 管理教育教學方式 ，在國內也受到許多大專院校企管學系的歡迎. 企業經營遊戲的濫觴.

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企業經營模擬遊戲 簡介

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  1. 企業經營模擬遊戲簡介 陶幼慧 高大資管系

  2. 經營競賽教學法( Business Game ) • 或稱管理競賽 ( Management Game ) • 透過實際的系統來模擬各類經營情境，以培育經營人才在決策制定、環境與競爭分析、以及解決各類管理問題之能力 • 為美國各大學企管研究所經常使用的管理教育教學方式，在國內也受到許多大專院校企管學系的歡迎

  3. 企業經營遊戲的濫觴 • The American Management Association created one of the first business management games in 1956 • Current management games are typically centered on an organization, or a functional area of that organization, within a particular industry. 資歷來源：Miles, W.G., Biggs, W.D. and Schubert, J.N. (1986), “Student perceptions of skill acquisition through cases and a general management simulation: a comparison”, Simulation & Games, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 7-24.

  4. 企業經營管理競賽過程 • 由一群背景不同的學員組成數家假想企業，在模擬的產業環境下激烈競爭，以追求企業之最大利潤為其持續努力的目標 • 學員各自擔任相當企業中部門分工下的職務，如生產、行銷、財務等 • 仔細分析來自企業內外、所有可能的數據資料，與種種正式、非正式的情報而作出代表各單位的判斷 • 經過不斷的討論協調等集體決策的程序，最後共同決定代表公司現階段經營方向的一組數字或文字性的決策值 • 再將各公司的決策值投入產業環境，在相互競爭中，市場狀況即刻產生變化，各企業盈虧立現 • 在保有公司現有市場優勢、或改善劣勢之企圖下，於是各公司又進入另一個決策程序，如此周而復始 • 最後主辦單位或教師根據勝負決定標準判定企業經營之績效

  5. 經營競賽教學法特色 相對於其他企管教育教學法而言： • 能創造接近企業真實情況的學習情境 • 學習目標明確且其挑戰性 • 提供動態學習的環境 • 學習成果迅速回饋 • 強調數字分析、重視理性研判 • 兼具角色扮演的效果、培養參與決策的能力 • 協助建立整體觀 資料來源：http://www.top-boss.com.tw/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=314&Itemid=60

  6. 國內的發展 • 國內目前以企業營運模擬系統 ( BOSS: Business Operations Simulation System )為主要的商業化產品 • 國立政治大學企業管理研究所教授吳思華與光華策進基金會於一九八四年合作發展的一套軟體，參考R. C. Henshaw & J.R.Jacson 於1973年發表之“Executive Game”所研發 • 經過長達十年時間的實際教學與不斷地改進，同時每年都舉辦多次的全國性競賽，使這套系統的架構漸臻完善。透過 BOSS 互動及模擬式的教學方法，能讓學員於寓教於樂中熟悉企業經營之整體理念，並了解企業經營之競爭過程 資料來源：特波國際股份有限公司 http://www.top-boss.com.tw/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=60

  7. 經營競賽教學法優缺點 • 相較於課堂講授法與個案討論法，經營競賽教學法或管理競賽無疑是更接近實作(learning by doing)的教學方法，可以提供那些已具備各功能部門基本知識的企管系學生一個非常逼真的綜合應用練習 • 因為經營競賽在設計上模擬企業的總體運作，較適合已修完大部分企業管理課程的高年級學生或由各有專長的學生組隊合作，而且競賽過程是正式的、理性的、嚴肅的，不但無法在一般的管理課程中作為輔助的學習活動，也不如簡單明確的學習遊戲能夠引起學生動機 • 管理競賽與學習遊戲都是「做中學」的體驗式學習。兩者皆可歸類為模擬，是管理教育中真正能夠提供學生實作訓練機會，跨越知與行的障礙的教學方法。

  8. 競賽 • Gaming consists of “interactions among players placed in a prescribed setting and constrained by a set of rules and procedures” (Hsu, 1989) • This interaction that excludes acting, can also include “competition, cooperation, conflict, even collusion” (Hsu, 1989) • Games of this type are thought to have originated in China around 3000 BC from Wei Chi, the precursor of chess (Hsu, 1989) or from Wie-Hai, a Hindu game (Wilson, 1968) • These games were militarily oriented. Winning occurred when one’s opponent was defeated through the eradication of his or her armies. 資料來源： 1. Hsu, E. (1989). Role-event gaming simulation in management education: A conceptual framework and review. Simulation & Gaming, 20(4), 409–438. 2. Wilson, A. (1968), The Bomb and the Computer: Wargaming from Ancient Chinese Mapboard to Atomic Computer, Delacorte, New York, NY.

  9. Simulation and Simulators的差別 • “a simulator is a complex device that provides a highly realistic simulation of the operational situation and provides a situation adequate for practicing and maintaining previously acquired skills”, • simulation is the act of immersing the trainee in the simulator 資料來源：Hays, R.T. and Singer, M.J. (1989), Simulation Fidelity in Training System Design: Bridging theGap Between Reality and Training, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

  10. 模擬 • Using a symbolic model, computer simulation attempts to replicate the characteristics of the system through the use of mathematics or simple object representations. • The interaction of the functional entities of the system is described with symbols, words, and mathematics.

  11. 模擬範例 • WITNESS Simulation Model of loading factory http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7gs2nhJ-4w • Webots simulation of two Katana robots in a factory http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3u3O6PPGNGk

  12. 企業經營競賽範例 • JA Titan | Business Simulation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FytZCvJhWUc&feature=related • JA Titan Challenge 2010 JA Titan Challenge 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_wzPvCSEl4&feature=related • Business Simulations PIXELearning Stylehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Cz5PMehd70&feature=related • IndustryPlayer - The Business Simulation Game http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEyT_ago4ic&feature=related • How to Win a Business Simulation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaCA5XOxf3A&feature=related • Deloitte Business Simulation Game http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXiH-DeupHQ&feature=related • How To Win The BSG http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXHCI76LCOM&feature=related

  13. 虛擬實境訓練範例 • Serious Games on BBCTV http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g6QFhk9K7U&feature=PlayList&p=FC99D97972F9B5FA&index=4 • SimuLearn's Virtual Leader Demo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsEIzNukHcc&feature=PlayList&p=FC99D97972F9B5FA&index=2 • SCORM Training Content in Forterra Virtual World Platform http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBPWBgPVlug&feature=PlayList&p=FC99D97972F9B5FA&index=1

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