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SECTION 4

SECTION 4. TISSUES. BODY TISSUES. GROUPS OF CELLS THAT ARE SIMILAR IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 4 PRIMARY TYPES: COVERING (EPITHELIAL) SUPPORT (CONNECTIVE) MOVEMENT (MUSCLE) CONTROL (NERVOUS). EPITHELIAL TISSUE. PG. 78 PROTECT, ABSORB, FILTER, SECRETE TYPES: GLANDULAR – COVERS GLANDS

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SECTION 4

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  1. SECTION 4 TISSUES

  2. BODY TISSUES • GROUPS OF CELLS THAT ARE SIMILAR IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • 4 PRIMARY TYPES: • COVERING (EPITHELIAL) • SUPPORT (CONNECTIVE) • MOVEMENT (MUSCLE) • CONTROL (NERVOUS)

  3. EPITHELIAL TISSUE PG. 78 PROTECT, ABSORB, FILTER, SECRETE TYPES: GLANDULAR – COVERS GLANDS COVERING – FORMS OUTER LAYERS LINING – LINE CAVITIES

  4. EPITHELIUM CHARACTERISTICS FIT CLOSELY TO FORM CONTINUOUS SHEETS ALWAYS HAVE 1 FREE END (APICAL) LOWER SURFACE RESTS ON A BASEMENT MEMBRANE NO BLOOD SUPPLY (AVASCULAR) REGENERATE THEMSELVES

  5. EPITHELIUM CLASSIFICATION EACH EPITHELIUM HAS 2 NAMES: • INDICATES THE # OF CELL LAYERS - SIMPLE – 1 LAYER - STRATIFIED – MORE THAN ONE LAYER • DESCRIBES THE SHAPE - SQUAMOUS - FLATTENED -CUBOIDAL – CUBES, LIKE DICE -COLUMNAR - COLUMNS

  6. SIMPLE EPITHELIUM ABSORPTION, SECRETION, FILTRATION VERY THIN – NOT VERY PROTECTIVE

  7. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM SINGLE LAYER OF SQUAMOUS CELLS REST ON A BASEMENT MEMBRANE FIT LIKE FLOOR TILES FORMS MEMBRANES WHERE FILTRATION/SUBSTANCES EXCHANGE BY DIFFUSION

  8. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

  9. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM ONE LAYER OF CUBOIDAL CELLS REST ON BASEMENT MEMBRANE GLANDS AND DUCTS (SALIVARY, PANCREAS, KIDNEY TUBULES)

  10. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

  11. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM SINGLE LAYER OF TALL CELLS FITTING CLOSELY TOGETHER GOBLET CELLS – PRODUCE MUCUS LINE THE DIGESTIVE TRACT FROM STOMACH TO ANUS

  12. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

  13. PSEUDO STRATIFIEDCOLUMNAR EPITHELIUM ALL REST ON A BASEMENT MEMBRANE SOME CELLS ARE SHORTER THAN OTHERS GIVES A FALSE (PSEUDO) IMPRESSION THAT IT IS STRATIFIED RESPIRATORY TRACT

  14. PSEUDO STRATIFIEDCOLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

  15. STRATIFIEDEPITHELIUM 2 OR MORE CELL LAYERS MORE DURABLE THAN SIMPLE EPITHELIA PRIMARY FUNCTION – TO PROTECT

  16. STRATIFIEDEPITHELIUM • STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS • MOST COMMON EPITHELIAL TISSUE • FREE EDGE = SQUAMOUS; BASEMENT = CUBOIDAL/COLUMNAR • TAKE ABUSE/FRICTION • ESOPHAGUS, MOUTH, OUTER SKIN

  17. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS

  18. STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL & STRATIFIED COLUMNAR- UNCOMMON TISSUE TYPE PANCREAS, SALIVARY, SWEAT GLANDS

  19. STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL

  20. STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

  21. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM • HIGHLY, MODIFIED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS • TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM – HIGHLY MODIFIED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS; ONLY IN BLADDER, URETERS, URETHRA • MUST BE ABLE TO STRETCH

  22. GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM GLAND – CELLS THAT SECRETE SECRETION – PRODUCT SECRETED GLANDULAR CELLS OBTAIN NEEDED MATERIAL FROM BLOOD & USE IT TO MAKE THE SECRETION & DISCHARGE

  23. TYPES OF GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM • ENDOCRINE GLANDS-SECRETE DIRECTLY TO BLOODSTREAM (THYROID, ADRENAL) • EXOCRINE GLANDS – EMPTY SECRETIONS TO THE SURFACE (SWEAT, OIL) • BOTH DEVELOP FROM EPITHELIAL SHEETS

  24. EPITHELIAL TISSUE PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR • SIMPLE • SINGLE LAYER • SQUAMOUS • CUBOIDAL • COLUMNAR • STRATIFIED • MORE THAN 1 LAYER • SQUAMOUS • CUBOIDAL • COLUMNAR

  25. CONNECTIVE TISSUE MOST ABUNDANT & WIDELY DISTRIBUTED TISSUE CONNECTS BODY PARTS

  26. CONNECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS MOST ARE VASCULAR; TENDONS/LIGAMENTS HAVE POOR BLOOD SUPPLY MADE UP OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS (EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX) PG. 82

  27. CONNECTIVE TYPES • BONE • CARTILAGE • DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE • TENDONS & LIGAMENTS • LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE • AREOLAR, ADIPOSE, & RETICULAR • BLOOD

  28. BONE OSSEOUS TISSUE BONE CELLS SITTING IN CAVITIES CALLED LACUNAE; SURROUNDED BY VERY HARD MATRIX OF CALCIUM SALTS AND COLLAGEN FIBERS PROTECT & SUPPORT BODY ORGANS

  29. BONE

  30. CARTILAGE • LESS HARD & MORE FLEXIBLE THAN BONE • HYALINE CARTILAGE • LARYNX, RIBS TO BREASTBONE, END OF BONES • FIBROCARTILAGE • DISKS B/T VERTEBRAE IN THE SPINE • ELASTIC CARTILAGE • EXTERNAL EAR

  31. CARTILAGE HYALINE ELASTIC FIBROCARTILAGE

  32. DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE • TENDONS • ATTACH MUSCLES TO BONES • LIGAMENTS • CONNECTS BONE TO BONE AT JOINTS • MORE STRETCHY THAN TENDONS

  33. DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE LIGAMENTS OF KNEE TENDON

  34. LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SOFTER AND HAVE MORE CELLS AND FEWER FIBERS THAN ALL OTHER CONNECTIVE TISSUE EXCEPT BLOOD AREOLAR TISSUE ADIPOSE TISSUE RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  35. AREOLAR TISSUE SOFT, PLIABLE, “COBWEBBY” “GLUE” BC IT HELPS HOLD INTERNAL TISSUE TOGETHER APPEARS AS EMPTY SPACE INFLAMMATION CAUSES EDEMA BC THE AREOLAR TISSUE TAKES UP FLUID

  36. AREOLAR TISSUE

  37. ADIPOSE TISSUE FAT AREOLAR TISSUE IN WHICH FAT CELLS DOMINATE FORMS BELOW THE SKIN SURFACE INSULATES AND PROTECTS

  38. ADIPOSE TISSUE

  39. RETICULAR TISSUE FORMS THE STROMA (BED/MATTRESS) OR INTERNAL SUPPORT FOR FREE BLOOD CELLS IN LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN AND BONE MARROW

  40. RETICULAR TISSUE

  41. BLOOD VASCULAR TISSUE CONSIDERED A CONNECTIVE TISSUE BLOOD CELLS SURROUNDED BY BLOOD PLASMA (NON-LIVING) TRANSPORT FOR CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MORE IN CH. 10

  42. BLOOD

  43. MUSCLE TISSUE SPECIALIZED TISSUE TO CONTRACT (SHORTEN) TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT ELONGATED CELLS – CALLED FIBERS

  44. TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE SKELETAL SMOOTH CARDIAC

  45. SKELETAL MUSCLE • SKELETAL • ATTACH TO THE SKELETON • VOLUNTARY • MULTINUCLEATED • ARE STRIATED (STRIPES)

  46. SKELETAL MUSCLE

  47. SMOOTH MUSCLE SMOOTH – INVOLUNTARY MUSCULAR CONTROL WALLS OF HOLLOW ORGANS (STOMACH, BLADDER, UTERUS…)

  48. CARDIAC MUSCLE • CARDIAC • FOUND ONLY IN THE HEART • STRIATIONS • INTERCALATED DISKS • JUNCTIONS B/T CELLS

  49. CARDIAC MUSCLE

  50. SKELETAL VS. CARDIAC

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