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Overview of Basic Mechanisms and Cognitive Abilities in the Brain

This video provides an overview of the basic mechanisms common across brain areas at the microscale and the differentiation, organization, and interaction of areas at the macroscale. It also discusses the general functions of cortical lobes and other subcortical areas such as the hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and reward prediction system. Additionally, it explores the hierarchical sequences of transformations in the brain and the role of different areas in motor control, object meaning, visual processing, and auditory processing.

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Overview of Basic Mechanisms and Cognitive Abilities in the Brain

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Summary of Part 1: Basic Mechanisms

  2. Micro vs Macro scales Micro = basic mechanisms common across brain areas Macro = differentiation, organization, and interaction of areas Overview of macro scale before discussing cognitive abilities

  3. In Transition From Part I: Basic Mechanisms To Part II: Cognition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaQ66lDZ-08&feature=related Spontaneous brain activity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ3401XVYww&feature=related miracle

  4. General Functions of Cortical Lobes (how is this determined?)‏

  5. Other (subcortical) Areas Hippocampus: rapid learning Thalamus: sensory input, attention Amygdala: emotion, fear/desire Basal Ganglia: motor control, gating of PFC Cerebellum: Coordinating movements Reward prediction system: dopamine release

  6. Hierarchical sequencesof transformations Motor 1 Frontal Motor Movements Supp. Motor Frontal Motor Plan PFC Frontal Plan Ant. Pole Temporal Object Meaning Inferior Temporal Objects V4 Occipital Shapes V1/V2 Occipital lines+colors Visual input Retina

  7. More processing for motor output Cortical Hierarchy Meaning Amount of processing Physical Details Input

  8. Multiple Interacting Pathways Maintaining Abstract Information (plans, sensory info, etc) Movement Spatial Processing Touch Visual Object Recognition AuditionAbstract Semantics Early Vision

  9. Gun gun (higher visual system)‏ Things on retina (lower visual system)‏

  10. Gun Gun (Wallet) (higher visual system)‏ Things on retina (lower visual system)‏

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