Drug and Alcohol trends in the united states 2011

1. Drug and Alcohol trends in the united states2011 Prepared by David S. Anderson, Ph.D. Professor of Education and Human Development George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 703-993-3698 danderso@gmu.edu caph.gmu.edu

2. College Youth • General Usage Patterns • Student-Athletes

3. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: ALCOHOL USE IN LAST 30 DAYS http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

4. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: DRUNK IN LAST 30 DAYS http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

5. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 5 OR MORE DRINKS IN LAST TWO WEEKS http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

6. USE OF ALCOHOL BY TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE and HEAVY DRINKING http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

7. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE OF MARIJUANA http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

8. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE OF ECSTASY http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

9. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE OF NARCOTICS OTHER THAN HEROIN http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

10. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE OF COCAINE http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

11. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE OF INHALANTS http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

12. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE OF LSD http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

13. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: 30 DAY USE OF AMPHETAMINES http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2009.pdf

14. Student-Athlete / GreekAlcohol Use Drinks per Week, 1999 Source: Core Institute http://www.siu.edu/departments/coreinst/public_html/

15. Student-Athletes:Negative Consequences of Drinking Harvard College Alcohol Study, 2001

16. Student-AthletesReasons for Alcohol Use “What is the one main reason you use alcoholic beverages?” 82.6% Recreational or social purposes 13.6% Because it makes me feel good 3.3% Helps me deal with the stresses of college life and college athletics 0.0% Improves my athletic performance Source: NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2005

17. Student Athletes: Social Drug Use by NCAA Division Source: NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2005

18. Student-Athletes:Social Drug Use by Gender Source: NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2005

19. Student-Athletes:Social Drug Use by Ethnicity Source: NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2005

20. Student-Athletes: Social Drug Use over Time Source: NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2005

21. Student-Athletes:Consumption of 6+ Drinks per Sitting, Among Drinkers Source: NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2005

22. Student-Athletes:Consumption of 10+ Drinks per Sitting, Among Drinkers Source: NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes, 2005

23. Student-Athletes:Reasons Drinkers Choose to Limit Drinking Source: Harvard College Alcohol Study, 2001

24. Alcohol – 2009 NCAA Study • Approximately 83 percent of the respondents indicated drinking alcohol within the last 12 months. • Over half the respondents indicated their first experience with alcohol was between the ages of 14 – 17. • The majority of those reporting alcohol usage report frequency of use as less than two days per week. • Forty percent of those reporting alcohol usage report drinking six to 10 plus drinks in one sitting. • One third of the respondents indicated drinking only during their off season. • The majority of the respondents indicated obtaining alcohol from a friend, family member or teammate.

25. Marijuana –2009 NCAA Study • Approximately 23.6 percent of the respondents indicated use of marijuana within the last 12 months. • For the majority of those reporting marijuana use, the reported age of the first experience with marijuana was between the ages of 16 – 20. • Over half of those reporting marijuana usage report frequency of use as less than once per month. • The majority of the respondents using marijuana indicated use only during their off season. • The majority of the respondents using marijuana indicated obtaining the substance from a friend, family member or teammate.

26. General Adult Population • General Usage Patterns

27. "Although statistics on drug use in the United States are not fully reliable, the numbers available indicate that US consumption of cocaine and marijuana has been essentially stable for many years—although considerably reduced from its peak in the 1970s and 1980s. The data also show that, today, the United States consumes illegal substances at a rate some three times that of Europe—although the use of drugs in the EU continues to grow rapidly and a few countries actually consume more per capita than the United States. In both the United States and Europe, the wholesale and street prices of cannabis and cocaine have declined in the past several years, although reportedly their potency has increased and demand remains steady. Across the world, illicit drugs appear to be available at stable or declining prices. A recent EU Commission study concluded that global drug production and use remained largely unchanged during the period from 1998 through 2007.“ Source:  Hakim, Peter, "Rethinking US Drug Policy," Inter-American Dialogue (Washington, DC: The Beckley Foundation, February, 2010), p. 4.http://www.thedialogue.org/uploads/Documents_and_PDFs/Documents_and_PDFs...

29. http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Drug_Usage#Change

30. Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A), 2008 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/quicktables/quickoptions.do

31. Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A), 2008 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/quicktables/quickoptions.do

32. High School and Middle School Youth • Patterns Linked to Start of Use • Use Linked to Homework Checked by Parents • Use Linked to Involvement in Activities

33. A number of information sources are used to quantify America’s drug problem and to monitor drug abuse trends. Foremost among these sources are the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey* and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health** (NSDUH). Since 1975, the MTF survey has measured drug, alcohol, and cigarette use as well as related attitudes among adolescent students nationwide. For the 2010 survey, 46,482 students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades from 396 public and private schools participated. Funded by NIDA, the MTF survey is conducted by investigators at the University of Michigan. The NSDUH is an annual survey on the nationwide prevalence and incidence of illicit drug, alcohol, and tobacco use, abuse, and dependence among Americans aged 12 years and older, conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Approximately 67,500 people are included in this survey. Because of differences in the timing of administration of the surveys, reported NSDUH data are 1 year behind those of MTF. In MTF and NSDUH, there are three primary prevalence periods for which data are reported: lifetime, past year, and past month (also referred to as “current”). It is generally believed that past year and past month are the better indicators of actual use. However, some analyses are done for only one specific prevalence period. http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/nationtrends.html

34. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

35. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

36. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

37. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

38. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

39. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

40. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

41. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

42. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

43. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

44. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2009 http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/

45. According to NSDUH, overall prevalence of underage (ages 12–20) alcohol use and binge drinking has shown a gradual decline across all prevalence periods. In 2009, an estimated 30.2 million people (12.0 percent) aged 12 or older reported driving under the influence of alcohol at least once in the past year. Although this reflects a downward trend from 14.2 percent in 2002, it remains a cause for concern. The decline in illicit drug use by the Nation’s adolescents since the mid- to late-1990s has leveled off. Among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders, most measures of illicit drug use remained unchanged from 2009 to 2010. Marijuana use rose this year—a sharp contrast to the considerable decline of the preceding decade. The downward trend in ecstasy use has been reversed as well, with significant increases this year following a considerable and recent decline in the belief that its use is dangerous. http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/nationtrends.html

46. Prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications accounted for most of the top drugs abused by 12th graders in the past year. Among 12th graders, past-year nonmedical use of Vicodin decreased from 9.7 percent to 8.0 percent. However, past-year nonmedical use of Oxycontin remained unchanged across the three grades and has increased among 10th graders over the past 5 years. Moreover, past-year nonmedical use of Adderall and OTC cough and cold medicines among 12th graders remained high at 6.5 percent and 6.6 percent, respectively. Complete NSDUH findings are available at www.oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUHLatest.htm.

47. The Partnership at Drugfree.org http://www.drugfree.org/newsroom/new-research-teen-drug-and-alcohol-use-headed-in-wrong-direction

48. High School and Middle School Youth:30 Day Alcohol Use http://monitoringthefuture.org/data/10data.html#2010data-drugs

49. High School and Middle School Youth: Drunk in Last 30 Days http://monitoringthefuture.org/data/10data.html#2010data-drugs

50. TRADITIONAL-AGE COLLEGE STUDENTS: DRUNK IN LAST 30 DAYS http://monitoringthefuture.org/data/10data.html#2010data-drugs