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The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System. How are materials transported through the body?  What does the heart do?  What’s in our blood?. Overview. The Cardiovascular System. Components : Heart Blood vessels Blood. The Cardiovascular System. The body’s transportation system Functions :

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System How are materials transported through the body?  What does the heart do?  What’s in our blood?

  2. Overview

  3. The Cardiovascular System • Components: • Heart • Blood vessels • Blood

  4. The Cardiovascular System • The body’s transportation system • Functions: • Brings oxygen and nutrients to body’s cells • Takes away waste products

  5. The Cardiovascular System • In multicellular organisms… • Cells can only exchange materials with the fluids immediately surrounding them • Not every cell is touching the small intestine (for nutrients) or the lungs (for oxygen) • So we need a transportation system!

  6. Intro to the Cardiovascular System 1. The Heart atria ventricles aorta right atrium cardiac muscle diaphragm bony thorax friction epicardium endocardium second 2. Blood Flow left atrium left ventricle right ventricle aorta aortic superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins bicuspid/mitral (valve) pulmonary semilunar (valve) capillaries lungs

  7. The Heart • Fist-sized • Located within the bony thorax, between the lungs, apex points to the left • Average adult = 72 bpm • Heart pumps ~70 mL per beat

  8. The Heart • Average adult = 72 bpm • Heart pumps ~70 mL per beat • Average person’s heart pumps 4000 gallons in one day! • That’s enough blood in one year to fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool!

  9. The Heart • Function: pumps blood through body • Structure: a double pump • 4 chambers • walls mostly cardiac muscle Looks like this! 

  10. The Heart 2 separate pumps: • Pulmonary circulation • To the lungs • Right side • Systemic circulation • To the body • Left side • Cardiac circulation • To the heart itself (myocardium)

  11. The Heart 4 chambers: • 2 atria = upper chambers • Receive blood • 2 ventricles = lower chambers • Discharge/pump blood • Larger, w/thicker walls

  12. The Heart • Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards ONE WAY TRAFFIC!

  13. The Heart Blood: • Blue if deoxygenated • Red if oxygenated • Blue blood goes to lungs to get O2 • Red blood goes to body to deliver O2

  14. The Heart Blood flow through the heart: Animation

  15. The Heart

  16. Blood Vessels • Average adult body contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels • That’s enough to circle the globe 2.5 times!

  17. Blood Vessels • 3 types • Arteries: carry blood away from heart • Veins: carry blood back to the heart • Capillaries:exchange nutrients & wastes with cells (through diffusion) • smallest blood vessels w/very thin walls

  18. Blood Vessels • Road map of the body • Arteries/veins = highways • Capillaries = side streets

  19. Blood Vessels Layers of tissue • Connective tissue (outside) • Smooth muscle • Endothelium

  20. What causes a heart attack? • Fat (plaque) builds up in arteries • If plaque ruptures, blood clot blocks blood flow through artery

  21. What causes a heart attack? • Heart muscle begins to die from lack of oxygen/nutrients

  22. Signs of a heart attack: • Chest discomfort or pain • Upper body discomfort (arms, back, neck, jaw) • Shortness of breath • Nausea, fainting, cold sweat • Call 911 within 5 minutes

  23. Blood Vessels • Blood pressure: force of blood on artery walls • Needed for blood to flow through body

  24. Blood The Bloodmobile

  25. Blood • Functions: • Collects O2 from lungs, nutrients from intestines, waste from tissues • Regulates body conditions (ex: T° and pH) • Fights infections • Repairs damage (blood clots)

  26. Plasma (55%) Cells (45%) Blood

  27. Plasma (55%) 90% water 10% dissolved substances (gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, proteins) Cells (45%) Red – transport O2 White – fight off bacteria and parasites Blood

  28. Blood Red blood cells (RBCs) a.k.a. erythrocytes • Transport oxygen throughout body • Contain hemoglobin = iron-rich protein that binds to O2 and CO2 White blood cells (WBCs) a.k.a. leukocytes • Defend against bacteria, viruses, parasites, tumor cells

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