INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION – SYNCHRONOUS AREA FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT – Part I

2. Photo: Creative Commons INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION – SYNCHRONOUS AREA FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT – Part I MODERN TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS BEST PRACTICES WORKSHOP Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2019, September 18-19

3. Synchronous area operational agreement CONTENTS Part II • Operational Training • System Protection • Metering Equipment • Maintenance of Interconnection Assets • Communication between Parties Part I • Introduction • Load Frequency Control And Performance • Scheduling and Accounting • Operational Security • Coordinated Operational Planning • Emergency Operation • Communication Infrastructure • Data Exchanges

4. INTRODUCTION

5. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ENTSO-E – European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity • 41 TSOs from 34 countries • The Transmission Grids within RG CE are directly interconnected – highly meshed transmission network • Strong interdependence, common provisioning of reserves, mutual assistance in the event of disturbances • Corner stones of international cooperation: • Operation Handbook (Policies) and Network Codes • Multi-Lateral Agreement (MLA) / Synchronous Area Framework Agreement (SAFA) • Bilateral Inter TSO Agreements • Regular international meetings for coordination of activities

6. COMMON STANDARDS – The Operation Handbook of ENTSO-E RG CE (Continental Europe) Agreement to comply by signing a „multi-lateral agreement“ (MLA) • Load-Frequency Control and Performance (Policy 1) • Scheduling and Accounting (Policy 2) • Operational Security (Policy 3) • Co-ordinated Operational Planning (Policy 4) • Emergency Operations (Policy 5) • Communication Infrastructure (Policy 6) • Data Exchanges (Policy 7) • Operational Training (Policy 8) Source: ENTSO-E Source: ENTSO-E

7. COMMON STANDARDS – Compliance • Obligation to Comply with all standards (Fully, Sufficiently and Non-compliant) • Penalties for non-compliance • Regular checking of compliance (Each TSO at least once in 5 years per Policy; after on-site audit 2 years “protection time”)

8. COMMON STANDARDS – Network Codes and Guidelines Agreement to comply by signing a Synchronous Area Framework Agreement Source: ENTSO-E

9. LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL AND PERFORMANCE

10. COMMON STANDARDS – Load Frequency Control and Performance • Frequency control – Essential for secure and high-quality operation of the synchronous areas • Control actions and the reserves are organized in a hierarchical structure – LFC Areas, LFC Blocks and Synchronous Area with two Coordination Centers • Control actions rely on reserves with different characteristics: • Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) • Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserves (aFRR) • Manual Frequency Restoration Reserves (mFRR) • Replacement Reserves (RR)

11. COMMON STANDARDS – Load Frequency Control and Performance

12. COMMON STANDARDS – Load Frequency Control and Performance INTEGRATION Source: ENTSO-E

13. COMMON STANDARDS – Load Frequency Control and Performance • Regular Report of the Performance of the FCR and FRR control process on the interconnection level • Frequency Restoration Control Error (FRCE) target parameters must not be exceeded Source: ENTSO-E Source: ENTSO-E

14. SCHEDULING AND ACCOUNTING

15. COMMON STANDARDS – Scheduling and Accounting • To operate a large power system it is necessary to schedule in advance the power to be exchanged at the interconnection borders between the system operators in coordinated way • Schedules  Load-Frequency Control  Unintentional Deviations • Load-Frequency Control Area Operator is the entity responsible for the aFRR process for its own area (tie-line bias for aFRR) • Load-Frequency Control Block Operator is an entity responsible for aFRR within its own block, ensuring that its LFC Areas respect their obligations as well as for settlement and/or compensation between its LFC Areas

16. COMMON STANDARDS – Scheduling and Accounting Source: ENTSO-E

17. COMMON STANDARDS – Accounting • Accounting process  Validation of the metered data located at an interconnecting line of a TSO and resulting Accounting Data • Objective is to provide a validated set of Accounting Data to the Coordination Centers for Daily Accounting Process • Result of an agreement between two TSOs

18. COMMON STANDARDS – Settlement • Settlement process • Daily settlement – Calculation of the Unintentional Deviation and update of the state of the Account of Unintentional Deviation per LFC Area, LFC Block or CC • Weekly settlement – Correction of daily settlement (if any) and calculation of the Compensation Program of Unintentional Deviations on the state of the final account at the end of the recording period • The basis for the settlement process are the market schedules and the physical energy flow on the TSO level Source: ENTSO-E

19. COMMON STANDARDS – Settlement • Unintentional Deviation • Calculated ex-post - sum of real tie-line flows (registered by metering devices) - sum of virtual tie-line flows (flow from “connecting” TSO to “requesting” TSO in real time) - sum of aggregated netted external schedules (excluding schedules for the compensation) Source: ENTSO-E

20. COMMON STANDARDS – Settlement • Compensation Program • Included in the schedules as an additional input to the LFC Controller • Aim is to compensate the Unintentional Deviations of the previous recording period • The tariff periods consist of NT (Low), HT (High), HHT( Winter Peak hours), HHT1 (Summer peak hours 1) and HHT2 (Summer peak hours 2) for two seasons, winter and summer • The recording period starts on Monday 00:00 and ends on Sunday 24:00 • The Compensation Period, related to recording period, starts on Thursday 00:00 and ends on Wednesday 24:00

21. OPERATIONAL SECURITY

22. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security • OPERATIONAL SECURITY REQUIREMENTS • System states, remedial actions and operational security limits • Voltage control and reactive power management • Short-circuit current management • Power flow management • Contingency analysis and handling • Protection • DATA EXCHANGE • General requirements • Data exchange between TSOs • Data exchange between TSOs and DSOs • Data exchange between TSOs and power plants • Data exchange between TSOs and demand facilities

23. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security • COMPLIANCE • Roles and responsibilities • Operational testing • TRAINING • Program • Conditions • Coordinators and Trainers

24. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security requirements • Each TSO is obliged to determine the system state of its transmission system (normal, alert, emergency, blackout, restoration) • Awareness System on the level of interconnection (EAS) Source: ENTSO-E

25. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security requirements • Each TSO shall design, prepare and activate remedial actions in system operation to ensure its system remains in normal state • Activation of the most effective and economically efficient remedial action Source: ENTSO-E

26. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security • Operational Security Limits • Each TSO shall specify voltage limits, short-circuit limits and current limits in terms of thermal rating including temporary admissible overloads • Common security limits on interconnectors Source: ENTSO-E

27. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security • Contingency analysis and Handling • Contingency list, including the internal and external contingencies of its observability area • Ordinary and Exceptional types of contingencies • Contingency analysis based on the forecast data and on real-time data • Contingency handling • TSOs assess the risk after simulating each contingency • Preventive measures: If the risk is so significant, TSO should activate remedial action as soon as possible before the event to comply with N-1 criteria • Corrective measures: In case of disturbance, TSO shall activate remedial action to restore the system to normal state as soon as possible • For local consequences, it is not required to comply with N-1 criteria

28. DATA EXCHANGE

29. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security • Data Exchange • Observability area • Real-time data exchanges between the TSOs' SCADA/EMS systems: • actual substation topology; • active and reactive power in line bay, including transmission, distribution and lines connecting SGUs; • active and reactive power in transformer bay, including transmission, distribution and SGUs connecting transformers; • active and reactive power in power generating facility bay; • regulating positions of transformers, including phase-shifting transformers; • measured or estimated busbar voltage; • reactive power in reactor and capacitor bay or from a static VAR compensator; and • restrictions on active and reactive power supply capabilities with respect to the observability area

30. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational security

31. COORDINATED OPERATIONAL PLANNING FOOTER GOES HERE

32. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational Planning • Data for security analysis in operational planning – Grid Model • Individual grid models (year-ahead, week-ahead, day-ahead and intraday) • All TSOs jointly develop a common list of characteristic scenarios: • Electricity demand • Contribution of RES • Import/Export positions • Generation pattern • Grid development for next year • 8 Default scenarios (Peak and Off-Peak for 4 seasons) • Common grid models for SA is built from individual grid models • 24 Hourly models (DACF - Day Ahead Congestion Forecast models)

33. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational Planning • Operational security analysis • Coordinated analysis for the same time-frames • Flows and voltages exceeding operational limits • Violations of stability limits • Violations of short-circuit thresholds • Close to real-time security analysis (SCADA/EMS state estimator) • New methodology has been developed to standardize security analysis per synchronous area • Regional Security Coordinators

34. COMMON STANDARDS – Operational Planning • Outage coordination/scheduling • Iterative process aimed to reach operational and economic optimum for TSOs while respecting security limits • It starts in the second half of the preceding year and finishes on day-ahead • Long term (Year ahead) • Medium term (Month ahead) • Short-term (Week ahead) • The set of network elements, automatic and protection devices which influence two or more TSOs has to be agreed on a regional basis • Critical elements • Non-critical elements • TSOs collect and share information about planned outages of the relevant elements within regional groups. The scheduled outages of critical elements are reviewed at the Weekly Operational Teleconference

35. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

36. COMMON STANDARDS – Emergency Operation • Operational security Policy deals with normal and alert system states • Emergency Operation deals with emergency, blackout and restoration states • Policy was made based on the recommendations of the investigation reports after collapse of Italy and specially after Europe-wide incident in 2006 • Three main issues • The awareness of the system states and communication (EAS) • The defense plans at national level, enabling inter-TSO coordination • The restoration plan Source: ENTSO-E

37. COMMON STANDARDS – Emergency Operation • System Defense Plan • Each TSO designs a system defense plan in consultation with DSOs and significant grid users • Automatic system protection schemes • Under-Frequency • Over-Frequency • Voltage collapse • Manual system defense plan procedures • Frequency deviation • Voltage deviation • Power flow deviation • Manual demand disconnection Source: ENTSO-E

38. COMMON STANDARDS – Emergency Operation • System Restoration Plan • Each TSO designs a system restoration plan in consultation with DSOs and significant grid users • Re-energization procedure • Top-down strategy • Bottom-up strategy • Adequacy needs to checked at least with simulations + on-site testing of black start capability • Frequency Management Procedure • List of actions on settings of controllers • Appointment of frequency leaders • Frequency management after deviation and synchronous area splitting • Amount of load and generation to be reconnected • Resynchronization • Resynchronization leader • The maximum limits for phase angle, frequency and voltage differences

39. COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOOTER GOES HERE

40. COMMON STANDARDS – Communication Infrastructure • Communication network providing the necessary infrastructure to support all data exchange among TSOs (Electronic Highway – EH) • Primary scope is real-time data exchange • Two Network Operating Centers perform monitoring and provide technical support • ICCP (TASE 2) protocol is used for real-time data exchange • File transfer by using FTP server • E-mail server • Non-EH communication include emails, voice and fax communication

41. РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РЫНОК ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ РУКОВОДИТЕЛЬ ПРОЕКТА АРМЕН АРЗУМАНЯН УЛ. КУНАЕВА 77, ОФИС 520 АЛМАТЫ, КАЗАХСТАН, 050000 ОГОВОРКА: Настоящий документ стал возможным благодаря поддержке, оказанной американским народом через Агентство международного развития США (USAID). За содержание данной презентации несет полную ответственность компания Tetra Tech ES, Inc. презентация не обязательно отражает точку зрения USAID или правительства США.