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Infrared Astronomy in the heat of the night

Infrared Astronomy in the heat of the night. Michael Burton. coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu. Infrared Astronomy. What is the infrared Infrared Science Imaging Spectroscopy History and the Future Infrared Movies. William Herschel “Calorific Rays” in 1800. Infrared is Heat Thermal Radiation.

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Infrared Astronomy in the heat of the night

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  1. Infrared Astronomyin the heat of the night Michael Burton

  2. coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu

  3. Infrared Astronomy • What is the infrared • Infrared Science • Imaging • Spectroscopy • History and the Future • Infrared Movies

  4. William Herschel“Calorific Rays” in 1800

  5. Infrared is HeatThermal Radiation

  6. Two views of a geyser

  7. Dust ExtinctionExploring the hidden universe Galactic Centre Cygnus

  8. 2. Thermal RadiationDetecting Cool Objects

  9. 3. RedshiftExploring the Early Universe

  10. Atmospheric Windows

  11. Infrared Windows

  12. IR Observatorieson the ground, in the air and in space

  13. The Horsehead NebulaVisible Near-IR Mid-IR

  14. Massive Star FormationTriffid Nebula

  15. The Galactic CentreVisible Near-IR

  16. Three Spectral RegimesDetector Technology

  17. Some infrared science • Solar System • Star Formation • Stars • Disks and Planets • Galaxies

  18. VenusInfrared emission vs. Visible reflection

  19. JupiterBright belts, volcanic Io, methane absorption

  20. Star Formation Orion Constellation Far-IR Dust Orion Nebula Near-IR Young Stars Nearby Globule Mid-IR Dust + Protostars

  21. Massive Stars • Pistol Star • Most luminous star in Galaxy • ~107 L • Quintuplet Cluster • Most massive star cluster in Galaxy • Max mass of a star?

  22. Dust Disks and Planets Beta Pictoris HR4796A

  23. The Galaxy Near + mid-IR Galactic Centre Red Giants + Hot Dust Far--IR Galactic Plane Zodiacal Light + Warm Dust

  24. Other Galaxies: Spiral M81 • Old Stars (blue) • Heated Dust (red) • Hot Dust and MSF (green + knots)

  25. Global Star FormationSpiral Galaxy M51

  26. Hidden Black Holes in the IR

  27. Infrared Spectroscopy • Cooling Lines • Molecules • Fine structure lines • Ices • Dust

  28. Infrared SpectroscopyWater in the Solar SystemHydrocarbons, Ices, Dust mineralology

  29. Cooling Lines in the ISM[OI] 63µm + [CII] 158µm

  30. Cooling Lines across the Galaxy[CII] 158µm + [NII] 205µm

  31. Water and Ices in Molecular Clouds

  32. Elements and Minerals in Red Giants and PN windsRecycling of the elements

  33. Star Formation in the Galactic CentreHot massive stars, ionized gas, ~107 yrs

  34. Molecules in Dusty Galaxies Starburst Arp 220 Spiral NGC891

  35. Probing the Excitation of Galaxies

  36. A potted history of IR astronomy 1800: William Herschel Discovery of IR 1856: Charles Piazzi IR from the Moon Thermocouple & heat 1870: 4th Earl of Rosse Temperature of Moon From IR on dark side 1948: Moon must be covered By fine powder

  37. IR Facilities: the early days 1961: Frank Low Germanium bolometer Cooled, in dewar Detect far-IR Change in conductivity 1960’s: Balloons carry high altitude payloads 1967: Cooled IR telescopes in rockets AFGL IR sky survey 4+10+20µm 2363 sources in 30 mins 1967: Mauna Kea Observatory established High & dry!

  38. IR Facilities Develop 1968: Leighton & Neugebauer Mt Wilson 2.2µm IR survey 5,500 sources Early 1970’s: Most galaxies found to emit strongly in IR (M31) Mid 1970’s: Far-IR spectrometers from balloons at T = 1K CMBR 1974: Kuiper Airborne Observatory Rings of Uranus Water in Jupiter

  39. IR Facilities Mature 1980’s: IR arrays 1983: IRAS satellite 12+25+60+100µm 500,000 sources Vega Disk ULIRGs 1989: COBE MM + Far-IR sky CMBR 1985: IR telescope on Shuttle

  40. IR in the 90s 1994: SPIREX at the South Pole 1995: ESA ISO 2.5-240µm + spectroscopy 1996: MSX Military satellite 8+11+14+21µm 1996: DENIS Near-IR sky survey La Silla, Chile

  41. IR Astronomy Today 1997: 2MASS All-sky 1.2 + 1.6 + 2.2µm 1997: NICMOS on HST 1-2.5µm 2004: Spitzer Space Telescope 2001: Keck Interferometer

  42. IR Astronomy Tomorrow 2008?: Herschel - far-IR 2007?: SOFIA - IR spectroscopy 2???: TPF/Darwin Other Earths?! 2008?: Planck CMBR

  43. Infrared Astronomy for Australia • Siding Spring Observatory • AAT/IRIS 1-2.5µm Imager/Spectrometer • 2.3m/CASPIR 1-5µm Imager • Gemini • 1-5µm NIFS + 8-25µm Michelle / TReCS • Public Databases • 2MASS (1-2µm), MSX (8-21µm), GLIMPSE (4-8µm), IRAS (12-100µm) • Antarctica • Finest ground-based sites on the Earth!

  44. Dark Cloud + HH46-47Optical to Infrared (Spitzer)

  45. Dark Globule IC1396Visible to Infrared (Spitzer)

  46. Massive Star FormationTriffid: Visible to IR (Spitzer)

  47. Spiral Galaxy M51Visible to Infrared (Spitzer)

  48. 2MASS 1-2µm View Galactic Centre

  49. MSX 8-21µm view of the GalaxyPAHs along the Milky Way

  50. Eta Carina Star Forming Complex

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