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Naming Review Molecular Compounds

Naming Review Molecular Compounds. Writing Names and Formulas. Covalent Bonding / Compounds. Compounds in which the electronegativity difference is less than 1.7 Between a non metal and non metal Can’t be held together because of opposite charges

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Naming Review Molecular Compounds

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  1. Naming ReviewMolecular Compounds Writing Names and Formulas

  2. Covalent Bonding / Compounds • Compounds in which the electronegativity difference is less than 1.7 • Between a nonmetal and nonmetal • Can’t be held together because of opposite charges • Can’t use charges to figure out how many of each atom • The second part of all names end with -ide • Prefixes are used to indicate number of each atom

  3. Naming Continued • The second part of all names end with -ide • Prefixes are used to indicate number of each atom • To write the name…write two words Prefix-namePrefix-name–ide • One exception is we don’t write mono- if there is only one of the first element. • No double vowel when writing names • (oo)

  4. 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca- Prefixes

  5. N2O N8O5 Cl2O7 C9Br4 CO3 P6Cl2 dinitrogenmonoxide octanitrogenpentaoxide dichlorineheptaoxide nonacarbontetrabromide carbon trioxide hexaphophorusdichloride Name These

  6. Diphosphorouspentaoxide Tetraiodine monoxide Sulfur hexaflouride Nitrogen trioxide Carbon tetrahydride Phosphorous trifluoride P2O5 I4O SF6 NO3 CH4 PF3 Write Formulas for These

  7. Ionic Compounds • Metal + Nonmetal • Metal + Polyatomic Ion • Metal will always be a positive cation

  8. Ionic Naming Review • Ionic compounds use charges to determine how many of each. • Have to figure out charges • Have to figure out numbers • For most transition metals, charges are variable • Exceptions: Ag1+, Zn2+, Cd2+ In3+, Ga3+, Al3+ • Roman numerals indicate the charge • Chromium (III) = • Iron (II) = 3 + 2 +

  9. Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic Ions • Ions made of more than one atom • Acts as an individual ion and its charge applies to the entire group of atoms • NEVER change the subscripts – add parentheses and subscripts outside, if necessary

  10. Ionic Formulas • potassium fluoride • magnesium nitride • barium chloride  KF • K+ F- • Mg2+ N3-  Mg3N2  BaCl2 • Ba2+ Cl-

  11. Ionic Formulas with Transition Metals • Copper (II) bromide • Tin (IV) oxide • Manganese (II) chloride • Cu2+ + Br  CuBr2  SnO2 • Sn4+ + O2 Sn2O4 • Mn2+ + Cl MnCl2

  12. Ionic Formulas with PA Ions • calcium oxalate • aluminum perchlorate • strontium phosphate • Ca2+ C2O42- CaC2O4 • Al3+ ClO4-  Al(ClO4)3 • Sr2+ PO43- Sr3(PO4)2

  13. Ionic Nomenclature Ionic Names • Write names of both ions, cation first • Change ending of monatomic anions to -ide • Polyatomic ions have special names – Do not change them! • Transition Metals – Use Romannumerals to show the ion’s charge if more than one is possible

  14. Ionic Nomenclature • Consider the following: • Does it contain a polyatomic ion? • -ide, 2 elements  no • -ate, -ite, 3+ elements  yes • What are the exceptions? • NH4+, CN-, OH- • Does it contain a Roman numeral? • When naming Type II cations, you MUST include Roman numeral

  15. ( ) Root of Non-metal acid -ic Hydro- Naming Acids • Acid – any compound that is capable of giving up a positive hydrogen ion (proton) • Anytime a compound starts with H, the compound is typically an acid • Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are noteworthy exceptions

  16. Rule 1: Binary Acids • Ex 1: What is the name of HCl? • Since the compound starts with H, it is probably an acid. • Use the prefix hydro-, the suffix -ic, and the word acid • hydrochloric acid

  17. Comprehension Check • What is the name of HAt? • hydroastatic acid • What is the name of HBr? • hydrobromic acid • What is the formula for hydroiodic acid? • HI • What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid? • HF

  18. ( ) Root of Polyatomic Ion acid -ic ( ) Root of Polyatomic Ion -ous acid Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Identifying Polyatomic Acids • Formula will start with H • Has three or more elements • Naming depends on the ending of the Polyatomic Ion • Ions ending in -ate or -ide • Ions ending in -ite

  19. Rule 2: Polyatomic Acids • Ex 2: What is the name of H3PO3? • First, notice that since the compound starts with H, we are dealing with an acid • Also, there are more than two elements; we should think polyatomic ion • Next, look up the name of the polyatomic ion • Since phosphite ends in -ite, change the suffix to -ous and add the word “acid.” phosphorous acid

  20. Comprehension Check • What is the formula for manganic acid? • H2MnO4 • What is the formula for sulfurous acid? • H2SO3 • What is the name of HNO2? • nitrous acid • What is the name of HNO3? • nitric acid

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