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Anatomy of and Injuries to the Knee Joint Complex

Anatomy of and Injuries to the Knee Joint Complex. Riann M. Palmieri-Smith, Ph.D., ATC Neuromuscular Research Laboratory Division of Kinesiology University of Michigan. What do the knees do?. Simple joint that is required to do a complicated job… Mobility/Stability Weight-bearing.

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Anatomy of and Injuries to the Knee Joint Complex

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  1. Anatomy of and Injuries to the Knee Joint Complex Riann M. Palmieri-Smith, Ph.D., ATC Neuromuscular Research Laboratory Division of Kinesiology University of Michigan

  2. What do the knees do? • Simple joint that is required to do a complicated job… • Mobility/Stability • Weight-bearing

  3. The Knee Joint Complex • Made up of 3 bones • Femur • Tibia • Patella • The knee is really two joints • Patello-femoral joint • Tibio-femoral joint

  4. Parts of the Knee • Articular Cartilage • Cover the ends of the 3 bones • Menisci • Separate the upper and lower bones of the knee

  5. Parts of the Knee • Ligaments • ACL • PCL • MCL • LCL • Tendons • Quadriceps • Patellar • Muscles • Quadriceps • Hamstrings

  6. What causes knee problems? • Disease • A number of diseases can affect the knee • Arthritis • Injury • Acute trauma • Chronic injury • Lifetime wear and tear

  7. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury • One of the most commonly injured knee ligaments • Gender difference in injury rates • Injury Mechanism: • Noncontact • Contact

  8. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury • What will my knee feel like: • “Popping” sound at the time of injury • Rapid Swelling • Pain • Instability • Associated with a quicker onset of osteoarthritis

  9. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury • Less common than ACL tears • Primary stabilizer of the knee • Injury Mechanism: • Fall on a bent knee • MVA

  10. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury • What will my knee feel like: • Mild to Moderate Pain in the back of the knee • Swelling • Knee Instability

  11. Collateral Ligament Injury • MCL tears more common • Injury Mechanism: • Direct Blow • When the lower leg is forced sideways, either toward the other knee or away from the other knee • Graded by severity

  12. Collateral Ligament Injury • What will my knee feel like: • Pain over the ligament • Swelling • Instability

  13. Articular Cartilage Injuries • Can be isolated or occur in conjunction with another injury • Injury mechanism: Sudden twist/pivot or forceful impact. • Damage is graded from minor to severe

  14. Articular Cartilage Injuries • What will my knee feel like: • Vague knee pain & swelling • Stiffness • Locking of the knee (loose body) • Difficult to diagnose • Accelerate the onset of osteoarthritis

  15. Meniscal Injuries • Can be isolated or occur in conjunction with another injury • Injury mechanism: • Vulnerable to twist & compression • Trivial trauma (older)

  16. Meniscal Injuries • What will my knee feel like: • Acute: • Swelling • Pain • Locks/catches with movement • Degenerative: • Repeated episodes of swelling • Pain • Locking/catching

  17. Osteoarthritis • Most common type of arthritis • Affects over 10 million Americans • Chronic condition characterized by the breakdown of cartilage

  18. Osteoarthritis • Progressive disease • Cartilage loses elasticity • Wear of cartilage causes changes to underlying bone • Bits of bone or cartilage float loosely • The joint lining becomes inflamed due to cartilage breakdown

  19. Osteoarthritis • Risk factors for OA: • Age • Obesity • Injury or Overuse • Genetics • Muscle Weakness • Other Diseases • What will my knee feel like: • Pain when moving the knee • Joint stiffness • Grating or catching when moving the knee • Pain when walking up and down stairs or getting up from a chair • Weakened large thigh muscles • Deterioration of coordination, posture and walking due to pain and stiffness.

  20. Inquisitive minds want to know… • What can I do if I suffer from a knee injury or disease? • What can I do to prevent knee injury or disease? • Dr. Wojtys can you help us out???

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