Chapter 2–Section 3 Carbon Compounds

1. Chapter 2–Section 3 Carbon Compounds This section explains how the element carbon is able to form millions of carbon, or organic, compounds. It describes the four groups of organiccompounds found in living things. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ufC1LhFl6ACarbon Video-12 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4D9i9cwtk8 short clip organic compounds

2. Vocabulary:chemical reactionreactantproductactivation energycatalystenzymesubstrate

3. The Chemistry of Carbon Atomic #: 6 So…6 electrons And 6 protons How many neutrons are there?

4. The Chemistry of Carbon Each elect. can join w/ elect. from other atom to form strong covalent bond. C can bond with many elem.: H O Ph Su N

5. What gives carbon the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length? • A carbon atom can bond to other carbon atoms. • These C to C bonds can be: single covalent bonds double covalent bonds triple covalent bonds

6. Many of the molecules in living cells are so large that they are known as. Macromolecules

7. What is the process called by which macromolecules are formed? Polymerization

8. When monomers join together, what do they form? Polymers

9. Organic Compounds have: • Oxygen • Carbon

10. There are four groups of organic compounds found in living things? Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

11. What atoms make up carbohydrates? Carbon atoms (1) Hydrogen atoms (2) oxygen atoms (1) Main source of energy for liv. things. Monosaccharides: Single sugar molecule. (Glucose, fructose, galactose) Polysaccharides: Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides. Animals store excess sugar in a polysaccharide called glycogen.

12. Single sugar molecules are also called . Monosaccharides

13. Circle the letter of each monosaccharide. galactose glucose fructose

14. 11. What are polysaccharides? They are large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides.

15. 12. How do plants and animals store excess sugar? • Plants use a polysaccharide called plantstarch, whereas animals use a polysaccharide called glycogen.

16. Lipids What kinds of atoms are lipids mostly made of? They are made mostly of carbon andhydrogen atoms.

17. What are three common categories of lipids? Waxes fats Oil

18. 15. Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compoundscalled . Fatty Acids

19. 16. Circle the letter of each way that fats are used in living things. • As parts of biological membranes b. To store energy c. To give plants rigidity d. As chemical messengers

21. 18. Nucleic acids contain what kinds of atoms? They contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus atoms.

22. 19. The monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as . Nucleotides

23. 20. A nucleotide consists of what three parts? It consists of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a 5-carbon sugar.

24. 21. What is the function of nucleic acids in living things? Nucleic acids store and transmithereditary, or genetic, information.

25. Saturated Each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond.

26. Unsaturated There is at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid.

27. Polyunsaturated A lipid’s fatty acids contain more than one double bond.

28. 22. What are two kinds of nucleic acids? • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) DNA RNA

29. 23. Proteins contain what kinds of atoms? They contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

30. 24. Proteins are polymers of molecules called . AMINO ACIDS

31. 25. What are four roles that proteins play in living things? • Some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. • Some are used to form bones and muscles. • Some transport substances into or out of cells. • Some help to fight diseases.