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Grammar Book

Amelia Olton . Grammar Book. Semester 1- Table of Contents. Nationalities Stem Changing Para Indirect Object Pronouns Pronoun Placement Gustar Affirmative/ Negative Words Superlatives Reflexives Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement

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Grammar Book

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  1. Amelia Olton Grammar Book

  2. Semester 1- Table of Contents • Nationalities • Stem Changing • Para • Indirect Object Pronouns • Pronoun Placement • Gustar • Affirmative/ Negative Words • Superlatives • Reflexives • Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement • Negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement • Sequencing events • Preterite • Trigger Words • Car, gar, zar • Deber+infinitive • Modal verbs • Present Progressives • Adverbs

  3. Stem Changing • Boot verbs change only inside the boot. • There are 4 kinds of boot verbs. • o-ue • e-ie • e-i • u-ue • The endings remain the same for ar, er and ir verbs. • Nosotros and vosotros will not change in the stem.

  4. Para • Used for • The purpose of/ in order to • Para bailar la salsa… • For the benefit of/ directed to • Es paraello. • In the direction of/ specific placce • Voy para Georgia • Specfic times • Me despierto en la noche.

  5. Indirect Object Pronouns • Are nouns that tell to whom or for whom. • Comes before the verb. • Ex. Bob me compra un regalo.

  6. Pronoun Placement • Attach the pronoun to the infinitive. • Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense. • Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command. • Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb.

  7. Gustar • The gusta is conjugated to the thing being gusta-ed • Me gustas tu.

  8. Affirmative/ Negative Words

  9. Superlatives • To add emphasis, add –ísimo on the end • Fantasiquísimo, grandísimo • If the word ends in _ change to _ ↓

  10. Reflexives • Used when the subject recieves the action • Usually has –se at the end to show reflexiveness • Ducharse – to shower one’s self • When congugated, the pronoun goes to the beginning and congugates • Me ducho- I shower myself

  11. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement • The pronoun goes after the command • Eat it! • !Cómelo! • Have it! • !Tienelo! • Drop the “s” Di Haz Ve Pon Sal Sé Ten Ven

  12. Negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement No tengas No vengas No dé/ digas No voyas No seas No hagas No estés No sepas • Put into yo form • Change vowel • Add “s” • The pronoun has to be put before the command because it is not affirmative. Tener Venir Dar/decir Ir Ser Hacer Estar Saber

  13. Sequencing Events Primero First Los lunes, etc. Por la mañana/ tarde/ noche Por fin Antes de/ después de Luego/después Entonces Segundo Second Third Before/ after On Monday, etc. Then After Finally In/ during the … Tercero

  14. Preterite AR ER/IR

  15. Trigger Words • Un día • Una vez • Ayer • A noche • Hace un año • Ya • El mes pasado • Anteayer • Por una hora • Por fin • A las ocho • El cinco de febrero • Dos veces

  16. -Car, -Gar, -Zar • When the ending of a verb (yo form) is all messed up change the ending like this. • Car-que • Dar-gue • Zar-ce

  17. Deber + Infinitive should, ought to add infinitive after to say what someone ought to do

  18. Modal Verbs • When verbs are used in modal verb combinations, the 2nd verb is not conhugated, but rather left in the infinitive form • Deber, Desear(desire), necesitar, poder, querer, saber, soler(usually,used to)

  19. Present Proggresive

  20. Adverbs • Add –mente and make feminine • Cuidadmente, especialmente, facilmente, felizmente, frecuentemente, lentamente, normalmente, rapidamente, recientemente, tranquilamente

  21. Table of Contents -2 • Preterite • Demonstratives w/ Pronouns • Ordinal Numbers • Prepositions • Future • Imperfect • Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns • Reflexives

  22. Preterite Trigger Words • Un día • Una vez • Ayer • A noche • Hace un año • Ya • El mes pasado • Anteayer • Por una hora • Por fin • A las ocho • El cinco de febrero • Dos veces Snake/Snakey • Snake verbs change the 3rd person to the conjugated form. • Dormir • Dormi • Dormimos • Dormiste • Durmio • Durmieron • Snakey verbs change the i to a y • Leer • Lei • Leimos • Leiste • Leyo • Leyeron Spock Verbs • Hacer • Hice • Hiciste • Hizo • Hicimos • Hicieron • Dar/Ver • d/v i • d/v iste • d/v io • d/v imos • d/v ieron • Ir/Ser • Fui • Fuiste • Fue • Fuimos • Fueron Cucaracha • Andar > anduv___ • Estar > estuv___ • Poder > pud___ • Poner > pus___ • Querer > quis___ • Saber > sup___ • Tener > tuv___ • Venir > vin___ • Conducir > conduj___ • Producir > produj___ • Traducir > traduj___ • Decir > dij___ • Traer > traj___ Car, Gar, Zar • When the ending of a verb (yo form) is all messed up change the ending like this. • Car-que • Dar-gue • Zar-ce

  23. Demonstratives with Pronouns • Put an accent on the first e to make a pronoun • If it is an unknown gender, then change the e or a to an o • This is called a neuter

  24. Ordinal Numbers • sextosixth • séptimoseventh • octavoeighth • novenoninth • décimotenth • primerofirst • segundosecond • tercerothird • cuartofourth • quintofifth

  25. Prepositions • Abajo • Down • Arriba • Up • Debajo de • Beneath • Dentro de • Within • Encima de • Above • Fuera de • Outside

  26. Future caberyo cabréhaberyo habrépoderyo podréquereryo querrésaberyo sabréponeryo pondrésaliryo saldréteneryo tendrévaleryo valdréveniryo vendrédeciryo diréhaceryo haré • Add on to the infinitive form • -é • -ás • -á • -emos • -án.

  27. Imperfect IRREGULAR • abaabasabaábamosabaisaban Shows a future that is not specific • íaíasíaíamosíaisían

  28. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns • mi(s)my • tu(s)your (familiar) • su(s)his, her, your (formal), their • nuestro(-a, -os, -as)our • vuestro(-a, -os, -as)your (fam. pl.) • mineel mío / la míalos míos / las mías • yours (familiar)el tuyo / la tuyalos tuyos / las tuyas • yours (formal)el suyo / la suyalos suyos / las suyas • oursel nuestro / la nuestralos nuestros / las nuestras • yours (familiar)el vuestro / la vuestralos vuestros / las vuestras • yours (formal)el suyo / la suyalos suyos / las suyas

  29. Reflexives • Used when the subject recieves the action • Usually has –se at the end to show reflexiveness • Ducharse – to shower one’s self • When congugated, the pronoun goes to the beginning and congugates • Me ducho- I shower myself

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