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Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution. Ch. 10. Mrs. Newman World History. Ptolemy. Greatest astronomer (2 nd . Century A.D.) Ptolemaic system- geo centric theory ( Earth is at the center of the universe) Theory supported by the Church. Egyptian, wrote in Greek. Ptolemaic System. Copernicus.

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Scientific Revolution

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  1. Scientific Revolution Ch. 10 Mrs. Newman World History

  2. Ptolemy • Greatest astronomer (2nd. Century A.D.) • Ptolemaic system- geocentric theory (Earth is at the center of the universe) • Theory supported by the Church Egyptian, wrote in Greek

  3. Ptolemaic System

  4. Copernicus • Book- On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres • Heliocentric theory (sun is at the center of the universe, NOT Earth) • Theory angered The Church 1543, from Poland

  5. Kepler • German mathematician • Studied planetary motion & concurred w/Copernicus that the Sun was at the center of the universe • Orbits of the planets around the Sun were not circular (were elliptical- egg shaped)—Kepler’s First Law

  6. Galileo • Italian • Taught mathematics • 1st. European to use a telescope • Discovered mountains on the Moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, & sunspots

  7. Church Response • The Church ordered Galileo to recant his findings (contradicted the Bible & The Church’s beliefs) • He did so, but lived the rest of his life under house arrest

  8. Newton • Professor of mathematics • Principia • Defined 3 laws of motion that govern the planetary bodies & objects on Earth • Universal Law of Gravitation (gravity)

  9. Medicine • Vesalius • On the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) • Dissected human bodies • Harvey • On the Motion of the Heart and Blood • Showed the heart and veins/arteries Harvey’s sketches of veins & arteries Image in the Fabrica

  10. Chemistry • Boyle • One of the 1st. scientists to conduct controlled experiments • Boyle’s Law- volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted on it • Lavoisier • Invented a system of naming the chemical elements (founder of modern chemistry) Lavoisier conducting an experiment on respiration in the 1770s. An animation of Boyle's Law, showing the relationship between volume and pressure when mass and temperature are held constant.

  11. Bellringer *write questions and answer* • Define geocentric. Who created that system? • Define heliocentric. Who created that system? • Who had the idea of gravity?

  12. Women during the Scientific Revolution • Margaret Cavendish • Aristocratic family • Critical of the belief that humans, through science, were the masters of nature • Maria Winkelmann • German astronomer • Discovered a comet • Denied a position as an assistant astronomer

  13. Descartes • French philosopher • Discourse on Method (1637) • “I think, therefore I am” • Father of modern rationalism- reason is the chief source of knowlege

  14. Scientific Method • Systematic procedure for collecting & analyzing evidence

  15. Francis Bacon • English philosopher • Stated scientists should use inductive reasoning to learn about nature • Practiced the Scientific Method • Wanted science to benefit industry, agriculture, and trade

  16. CSWK/HMWK Don’t have to write questions. • P.299 #4-8 (do not do #7) • P.324 #1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 17

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