Review Lecture

1. Review Lecture Will be available online in its entirety

2. Quantum Numbers- Table of Allowed Values

3. Limiting Reagents • Convert all starting material to moles of one reactant or product • I choose CaCl2 because the next part of the questions asks from the amount of CaCl2 made. • Compare amounts of product made from each starting material. • This assumes that all starting material is converted, its only true of the limiting reagent • Lowest amount of product made means that is the limiting reagent. • How much CaCO3 would be left over?

4. Empirical Formula • In combustion problems (in this class) all • C comes from compound and turns into CO2 • H comes from compound and turns into H2O • Oxygen comes from both the compound and the O2 gas • If we know the total mass combusted, and total C and H, we can solve for leftover mass and that will equal O from the compound • Find lowest common ratio (use divide my the smallest number trick)

5. Black Body Radiation Blackbody radiation depends only on temperature of object Given that light bulbs are around 2700 K, why are incandescent bulbs inefficient light sources? scienceblogs.com Given that our sun’s temperature is about 5700K what light does our sun emit? Given the differences in the graph above, what would you expect to have a higher temperature, red giant stars or white giant stars?

6. Rydberg Equation: Derivation ΔE is + Either of these are often shown in text books. Use whichever you prefer but be sure not to mix them up. One has a negative one does not, but they are the same equation!!!! • If the energy of a given energy level is defined as En=-Rh(1/n2). We can find the difference in energy shells by Enf-Eni Rydberg's constant is experimental value confirmed by Shrodinger’s theory ΔE is - ΔE is positive if going from low to high energy shell i.e. ground state to anything, 25 ect… Words such as “photon absorbed” will be used. ΔE is negative if going from high to low energy. i.e. anything to ground state, 52 ect… Words such as “photon emitted” will be used. E=hν=hc/λ This energy is the energy of one photon. This must always be positive!

8. Everything other than Hydrogen Energies of Orbitals Hydrogen Ect….to infinity Ect….to infinity E

9. Electromagnetic Spectrum • As wavelength increases what happens to frequency? does it: • Increase • Decrease Decrease • As wavelength increases what happens to Energy? does it: • Increase • Decrease Decrease Answer the Following: Which has greater frequency red light or UV light? UV Which has greater energy? IR light or Orange light orange Does blue light have greater speed than red light? NO! all have same speed

10. Other Transitions

11. Lasers • Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. http://www.infoplease.com/images/ESCI112LASERS003.gif

12. Wave or Particle? • Summary: Experiments show it has properties of both. • Photo electric effect: • Particle like • Double split experiment • wavelike • This is true of very small matter • Largest so far to have measurable wave-like properties is those with mass 1610 amu

13. Double Split Experiment: Young

14. Photoelectric Effect What do you think happens if the intensity of light is increased but the frequency of the electrons stay the same? • If the photon is exactly the energy of the work function the electrons will be knocked loose • If the energy of the photon is higher the electrons will acquire kinetic energy • KE=hν-W