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Chapter 4 Sec 1 Notes

Chapter 4 Sec 1 Notes. Events Leading up to the Revolution. French & Indian War Beginnings. British & French fighting through 1600’s 1740’s both interested in Ohio River Valley French -easy travel from New France to Louisiana British -fur traders and land speculators

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Chapter 4 Sec 1 Notes

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  1. Chapter 4 Sec 1 Notes Events Leading up to the Revolution

  2. French & Indian War Beginnings • British & French fighting through 1600’s • 1740’s both interested in Ohio River Valley • French-easy travel from New France to Louisiana • British-fur traders and land speculators • French & British forts • British fort taken over-named Ft. Duquesne

  3. Albany Conference • British goals: • urged colonies to work together to prepare for war w/France • Wanted alliance with Iroquois, who controlled western New York • Results: • Iroquois neutral • British commander appointed-Gen.Braddock • Albany Plan of Union • Developed by Ben Franklin • Colonies unite to form federal government (rejected) • Unity for common defense

  4. French & Indian War • British attack of Ft. Duquesne • Braddock killed • British defeated • George Washington, Military Aide • Leadership saved them • Delaware people • See British weakness • Attack settlers • British turning point • War went on for 2 years • British victory at Quebec • Spain entered war on French side • Britain seized Cuba/Philippines • Treaty of Paris 1763 • Ended war • Eliminated French power in N. America • FL given to British, Cuba & Philippines back to Spain

  5. Battle of Quebec

  6. WAR IS EXPENSIVE!!!! • Britain borrowed enormous amount of money to pay for the war • Deep in debt • British thought colonies should pay for part of war • Cost of stationing of troops in colonies

  7. Proclamation Act of 1763 • Pontiac convinced other Native Americans to go to war against British • British didn’t want the cost of another war • Line Drawn-no settlers west of it • Settlers & western farmers mad

  8. British Tax Policies • George Grenville • Lord of Treasury • Reduce debt • Customs duties • Taxes on imports & exports not been enforced • Smuggling • Started enforcing • Vice-admiralty court • Sugar Act • Changed tax rates on raw sugar & molasses • Hurt trade • Smugglers guilty until proven innocent • Not fair-no due process (proper court procedures) • James Otis • No taxation to raise money w/o representation

  9. Currency Act • To slow inflation, Parliament passes act • Inflation-money loses value over time • Banned use of paper money because it lost value quickly • Colonist liked paper money • Use paper money to pay back loans • Since money was not worth much as when they borrowed it, loans easier to pay back

  10. Stamp Act • Grenville introduced to raise more money • First direct tax on colonists • Stamps on printed materials: • Newspapers, pamplets, posters, wills, mortgages, deeds, licenses, diplomas, dice, playing cards

  11. Quartering Act • Forced colonists to pay more for their own defense • If colonists did not provide barracks, soldiers stayed at cost of colonists

  12. Sons of Liberty • Mass demonstrations/meetings taking place • Organized meetings & Intimidated stamp distributors • In Boston, effigy of stamp collector hung on tree, house ransacked & wood burned

  13. Stamp Act Congress • Stamp Act Congress • 9 colony representatives • Declaration of Rights and Grievances • Sent to king • Stamp Act ignored • Boycott of English goods • nonimportation • Britain repealed the Stamp Act • Passed Declaratory Act (Parliament’s power)

  14. Townshend Acts • Charles Townshend • New Chancellor of Exchequer • Series of new regulations and taxes 1767 • Townshend Acts • Created to help with financial problems • Revenue Act 1767 • Customs duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, tea • Legalized writs of assistance • (general search warrants) • Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer • Dickinson • Sam Adams • MA assembly • “Circular” letter

  15. British & Colonial Actions/Reactions • British officials requested withdrawal of letter • MA assembly ordered dissolved • Boston & NY refused • Boycott • VA Resolves • Only House of Burgesses can tax • VA house dissolved • Daughters of Liberty • Boycott of cloth • Spinning own • “homespun” sign of patriotism • Colonial imports declined

  16. Boston Massacre • British disapatched troops to Boston • Troops harassed • 1770 crowd of colonists taunted and threw snowballs at soldier guarding a customs house • Squad came, in tumult, shots fired • First colonist to die Crispus Attucks • 3 people dead • Shootings became known as Boston Massacre • News spread through colonies • Almost all of Townshend Acts repealed (except tax on tea)

  17. Perspective of Boston Massacre • Colonists’ viewpoint • Read pgs 124-125 • Answer Questions 1-3 on page 125 at the bottom of your notes • British viewpoint

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