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Interactivity Design and Construction Paradigms

Interactivity Design and Construction Paradigms. Nuno M. Guimarães nmg@di.fc.ul.pt. Summary. Illustrations of a problem Visions of the world and language … A way out! Design framework. Question. In the context of the design of interactive artifacts to used and explored by people...

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Interactivity Design and Construction Paradigms

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  1. InteractivityDesign and Construction Paradigms Nuno M. Guimarães nmg@di.fc.ul.pt

  2. Summary • Illustrations of a problem • Visions of the world and language • … A way out! • Design framework

  3. Question In the context of the design of interactive artifacts to used and explored by people... … which principles, motivations, methods, make the design process effective ?!

  4. Pixels, words, or meaning ?

  5. Pixels, words, or meaning ? • … Lisbon Portugal (well, more or less…)

  6. Pictures of “reality” ?

  7. So what is this ?

  8. So what is this ?

  9. Problem/Claim • There is no information (by itself), only data... • We (people) “make” the information through interpretation and assignment of “meaning” ... • “Meaning” is incomplete, shared, sufficient, ...

  10. Implications • What is absolute or relative in interative artifact design ? • More specifically… • How universal are the indexing schemes in digital libraries ? • How far can we go in standardizing metadata (like the “semantic descriptions in MPEG7”) ?

  11. Visions of world and language • Philosophy of Language & Cognition • Wittgenstein : from a universal to multiple “languages” • Heidegger : the rejection of the dualism objectivity-subjectivity, situated existence (dasein, throwness) and interpretations of breakdown • Neurobiology [Damásio94] : emotion as unavoidable in “rational” behaviour • Logic and Linguagem [Devlin97]: from language to communication

  12. Visions of world and language • “Pragmatic” theories of language • Speech Act Theory [Searle69] : from language as a logical system to language as an action and communication medium; Argumentation [Toulmin58] : from theoretical logic to the logic of argumentation • Cognition in the Technological Context • Augmenting the Human Intellect [Engelbart66] • Understanding Computers and Cognition [Winograd86] • Plans and Situated Actions [Suchman86]

  13. …conclusion... • From facts and reflection, … … socially constructed “truths”, contextual and situated dimensions are paramount in the design and usage of interactive artifacts...

  14. Myth after Myth after Myth... • The “quality” of coded speech • The “transparency” of distributed systems • The “consistency” of distributed hypermedia systems • The “intelligence” of tutoring systems • The “understanding” of natural language

  15. So... • A framework to see the world of artifacts, and to design new ones... • Augmentation • Affordances, mapping, constraints and feedback • Breakdowns • Cognitive modes : reflective and experiential

  16. A design framework • Augmentation, as in H-LAM/T - Human Using Language, Artifacts and Methodology in which he is Trained [Engelbart66], Memex… • Affordances : functionality and behaviour that are perceived for an object; Mapping : correlation between an artifact’s interface and the (spatial or temporal) accessibility to the perceived functions; Constraints & Feedback. [Norman88, Norman92,Norman93]

  17. A design framework (affordances)

  18. A design framework • Breakdown • Cognitive breakdown determines, or activates, processes of interpretation • Breakdown : blocking or progress factor [Winograd86, Suchman86] • “The design of an artifact should be guided by the organization of the space of possible breakdowns of action ” [Winograd86]

  19. A design framework (breakdown)

  20. A design framework • Experiential Cognition • Sensorial and mechanized tasks • Reflective Cognition • Learning and reasoning activities, that generate changes in the “cognitive structures” of the person [Norman92,Norman93] • From experiential to reflective and back : management of cognitive breakdowns

  21. Example Classification and Search in Video Archives “…building a universal ontology for describing AV content is probably impossible since as communities evolve, their ontologies also evolve…” [Auffret99] • There are no universal ontologies in information (or data) classification. • Rapid and flexible visual interaction are the main solution to effective access. Navigation and exploration are augmentation processes • Characteristics of multimedia data (video) can be used to create interactive visual representations providing effective manipulation mechanisms

  22. Conclusion • As usual “there is no silver bullet”… • Information is “our” interpretation of data • Support people interpreting data, as fast and easily as possible • Machines cannot understand, only mimic the understanding of one of us (or some of us, or most of us, but not all of us)

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