A NATION DIVIDED BECOMES A NATION UNITED

1. A NATION DIVIDEDBECOMES A NATION UNITED AMERICA 1935-DECEMBER 7, 1941

2. EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR I • ISOLATIONISM • READY TO FIGHT • POLITICS AND POLICY • AN OCEAN AWAY • MISTAKES OF THE PAST

3. CHARLES LINDBERGH & CHARLES BEARD FOUGHT TO KEEP US NEUTRAL AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE ANTI-SEMITISM WHY DID WE WAIT???

4. US MILITARY MIGHT • WHEN HITLER INVADED POLAND THE US RANKED 16TH IN MILITARY SIZE AND RESOURCES • BEHIND COUNTIRES LIKE PORTUGAL AND ROMANIA • WE DID NOT HEED THE WARNIGS OF MEN LIKE BILLY MITCHELL • THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND ECONOMICS

5. FDR CORDELL HULL HENRY STIMSON GEORGE MARSHALL

6. US POLICY • NEUTRALITY ACTS OF AUG. 1935 • banned shipment of war materiel to belligerents • forbid U.S. citizens from traveling on belligerent vessels except at their own risk. • 1936- prohibited the granting of loans to belligerents • 1939- revised in favor of supplying warring nations on the “cash-and-carry” principle

7. Innocent peoples are being cruelly sacrificed to a greed for power and supremacy...Let no one imagine that America will escape...There is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality...War is a contagion, whether it be declared or not. It seems unfortunately true that the epidemic of lawlessness is spreading. When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread, the community joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease. I call today for a similar quarantine. A quarantine of the lawless, a quarantine of those that threaten world peace. • --Franklin Delano Roosevelt, The Quarantine Speech, 10/5/37

8. CASH AND CARRY • Used mostly to support England • Any allied ship that could make the risky trip across the North Atlantic to US coastal ports could get war materials for cash • Soon left European allies (primarily Britain) bankrupt • Revised to Lend Lease Program

9. Lend Lease • March 1941 • Lend, Lease, or sell anything not vital to US protection • Value of the items to be lent were not to exceed $1,300,000,000 • Critical in early years for allies • Continued in major amounts throughout the war

10. American Military Aid • Eagle Squadron • Flying Tigers • Weapons • Undeclared War in Atlantic • Convoys and Coastal defenses

11. The Vail of Neutrality • Economic sanctions on Axis Powers • Especially the resource starved Japanese • Sept. 1940-prohibed the exportation of steel, scrap iron, and aviation gasoline to Japan. • July 23 Japan occupied southern Indochina. Two days later, the United States, Britain, and the Netherlands froze Japanese assets. • The effect was to prevent Japan from purchasing oil, which would, in time, cripple its army and make its navy and air force completely useless.

12. JAPAN • BRIEF HISTORY OF US-JAPANESE RELATION • PERRY • WORLD WAR 1 • JAPANESE MILITARISM • ESTABLISHING PRECEDENT • THE MEIJI RESTORATION • EMPEROR HIROHITO • THE FATAL DECISION • JAPANESE “SPIRIT WARRIORS” • H. TOJO

13. Japanese Command Commander in Chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoruku Yamamoto Can’t win – Possibly force treaty Hit hard and devastate the fleet Main target Carriers Strike force commanded by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo Left from the Kurile Islands on 26th November, 1941 Sailed the dangerous north route PEARL HARBORDECEMBER 7, 1941 Kimmel

14. Nagumo's fleet was positioned 275 miles north of Oahu 105 high-level bombers, 135 dive-bombers and 81 fighter aircraft Largest at sea launch in world history We were totally unprepared “TORA, TORA, TORA” “A Day of Infamy”

22. DEVASTATION • 353 JAPANESE AIRCRAFTS FROM 6 CARRIERS- Akagi, Hiryu, Kaga, Shokaku, Soryu, and Zuikaku • 40 TORPEDO PLANES, 103 LEVEL BOMBERS, 131 DIVE BOMBERS, 79 FIGHTERS & 5 MIDGET SUBS • ATTACK KILLS 2,403, INCLUDING 68 CIVILIANS (HALF FROM USS ARIZONA) • DESTOYED OR DAMAGED 19 US NAVAL VESSELS

23. DAMAGE AT PEARL • DEAD-2,403 • WOUNDED-5,398 • BATTLESHIPS- • 2 DESTOYED –6 DAMAGED • DESTROYERS- • 3 DAMAGED • CRUISERS AND AUX-6 DAMAGED • 1 DESTROYED • US AIR CRAFT • DAMAGED-159 • DESTROYED-169

26. SOLDIER UP • Burke-Wadsworth Act • 1ST peace-time draft in United States history • No more than 900,000 men were to be in training at any one time, and it limited service to 12 months • CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION

27. WWII draft • The draft began in October 1940. • (OHIO) "Over the hill in October," which meant that the men intended to desert upon the end of their twelve months of duty. • Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on 7 December1941, thousands of American men and women swelled the United States' military's ranks by volunteering for service. • After the United States entered World War II, a new selective service act made men between 18 and 45 liable for military service and required all men between 18 and 65 to register. • The terminal point of service was extended to six months after the war. From 1940 until 1947—when the wartime selective service act expired after extensions by Congress—over 10,000,000 men were inducted

29. However, the Pacific Fleet's three Aircraft Carriers were not in port and so were undamaged, as were the base's vital oil tank farms, submarine pens, and machine shops • This attack send the US headlong into war and creates an intense hatred for the Japanese • This will result in a war like none before it.

30. DOOLITTLE’S RAID B-25 MITCHELL’S VISIONS OF THINGS TO COME

31. FDR DEMANDED A STRIKE AT THE HEART OF JAPAN WE NEEDED TO SEND A MESSAGE THE “BILLY’S” B-25 MITCHELLS 16 PLANES FIRST CIVILIANS KILLED BY US BOMBERS RAID COMPLETELY CHANGED JAPANESE NAVAL STRATEGY GENERAL JAMES DOOLITTLE DOOLITTLE’S RAIDERS

34. AMERCIANS UNITE AFTER PEARL

35. THE HOME GUARD

36. AN ECONOMIC GIANT • RAW MATERIALS • SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT • LARGE POOL OF SKILLED AND UNSKILLED LABOR • DETERMINED POPULATION • RATIONING • RUBBER • METAL • FUEL • FOOD

39. GRANDMA AND WW2 • AIR RAID SHELTERS • BLACKOUTS • GI BILL • RATIONING • SEGREGATION • VICTORY GARDENS

40. Food rationing came into force in January 1940. Each person could have each week • 8p worth of meat, • 3 pints of milk, • 8 ounces of sugar, • 4 ounces of butter or fat, • 4 ounces of bacon, • 2 ounces of tea, • 1 ounce of cheese • 1 egg. • Foods such as rice, jam, biscuits, tinned food and dried fruit were rationed by points.  • Each family had to register with a shop or store where the food would be bought and this was the only place where the family could shop. Each member of the family had his/her own ration book, adults had a buff colored book, children over three had a blue book and babies had a green book.

41. WOMEN AT WAR

42. W.A.S.P.S • The WASPs: Women Pilots of WWII FLEW PLANES FROM ASSEMBLY LINES TO MILITARY BASES • VITAL LINK IN THE AMERICAN WAR MACHINE

47. AMERICA IS IN THE WAR, BUT LIMPING BADLY • PEARL DEVASTATED OUR FLEET • THE WAR IN EUROPE WAS NOW ALMOST 2 YEARS OLD • HITLER HAS EUROPE LOCKED DOWN • AMERICA MUST ORGANIZE AND REGROUP • “WE NEED SOLDIERS” • DRAFT AND ENLISTED

48. The War Abroad • What was it like to be a civilian during the War in Europe? Asia? Africa? • How did it change and effect the lives of millions • Who really paid the price?

49. 60% OF THE DEAD WERE CIVILIANS APPOX: 30 MILLION DEAD CHINA ALONE 15-25 MILLION FROM HITLER’S JEWISH QUESTION TO THE RAPE OF NANKING TO THE FIREBOMBING OF JAPAN TEN MOST DEVSTATING HOMEFRONT HARDSHIPS DURING THE WAR

50. HUNGER GROUND COMBAT IMPRISONMENT AERIAL BOMBING REFUGEE LIFE FORCED LABOR FAMILY SERVING INFLATION ENEMY OCCUPATION DEATH OF FAMILY MEMBERS